本文選題：科學(xué)社會主義　切入點：空想社會主義　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：追求社會的平等和一切人的發(fā)展是社會主義思想的理論宗旨，也是社會主義區(qū)別于其他階級社會的根本特點。社會主義思想從產(chǎn)生到現(xiàn)在，經(jīng)歷了多個階段，各個階段之間存在著差異性，同時也擁有著社會主義本質(zhì)的共同性。差異性要求在比較社會主義不同發(fā)展階段時總結(jié)它們的區(qū)別，發(fā)現(xiàn)各個階段之間的思想變化；而共同性則提醒我們把它們放在社會主義的整個范疇之下進行考察，了解它們之間思想的延續(xù)性和繼承性。 雖然近年來關(guān)于社會主義思想的理論研究較為豐富，以空想社會主義和科學(xué)社會主義的思想為主。但是，學(xué)者在分別對其進行研究或比較研究，往往只從“空想性”和“科學(xué)性“中進行說明，比較兩者之間的差異，人為地割裂了它們之間的共同性。空想社會主義和科學(xué)社會主義思想都追求理想社會，在這方面表現(xiàn)出極大的理論分歧。以19世紀初的圣西門、傅立葉和歐文等空想社會主義為例和科學(xué)社會主義進行比較，首先在性質(zhì)上，由“頭腦中的理想圖景”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤跋麥绗F(xiàn)存狀況的現(xiàn)實運動”；其次在實現(xiàn)途徑上由“階級調(diào)和到“階級斗爭”，而在解放主體上由“全體社會成員的解放”到“無產(chǎn)階級的解放”；在談到理想社會中私有制的廢留問題上，也由大多數(shù)空想家遺留有私有制的殘余甚至主張保留私有制到科學(xué)社會主義將廢除私有制與實現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義社會看做一個問題的兩個方面，，這種種的轉(zhuǎn)變體現(xiàn)出社會主義發(fā)展的不同階段上思想的異質(zhì)性。這種異質(zhì)性的表現(xiàn)與它們所堅持的哲學(xué)根據(jù)是緊密相關(guān)的，空想社會主義以唯心史觀作為理論基礎(chǔ)，而科學(xué)社會主義以唯物史觀作為基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)然，重要的是這種異質(zhì)性中本身包含著內(nèi)在的相似性甚至是一致性，即科學(xué)社會主義與空想社會主義的共同追求，即現(xiàn)實情懷、追求平等和重視人格完善。
[Abstract]:The pursuit of social equality and the development of all human beings are the theoretical purposes of socialist thought and the fundamental characteristics of socialism as distinct from other class societies. The socialist ideology has gone through many stages from its emergence to the present. There are differences among different stages, and also have the commonality of socialist essence. Difference requires that the differences between different stages of socialism be summarized and the ideological changes between different stages be found. Commonality reminds us to examine them under the whole category of socialism and to understand the continuity and inheritance of their ideas. Although in recent years there has been a great deal of theoretical research on socialist thought, mainly on the ideologies of utopian socialism and scientific socialism, scholars have studied and compared them respectively. It is often explained only in terms of "utopia" and "science", and the differences between the two are compared, and the commonality between them is artificially severed. Both utopian socialism and scientific socialism seek an ideal society. There are great theoretical differences in this respect. Taking the utopian socialism of the early 19th century, such as Saint-Simon, Fourier and Irving, as an example, and comparing it with scientific socialism, first of all, in nature, From "ideal vision in mind" to "realistic movement to eliminate the existing situation"; second, from "class harmony" to "class struggle" in the way of realization, and from "emancipation of all members of society" to "nothing" in liberating subject. "the emancipation of the class of property"; on the question of the abolition of private ownership in an ideal society, The remnants of private ownership left by most visionaries even advocate preserving private ownership to scientific socialism. The abolition of private ownership and the realization of a communist society are regarded as two aspects of the same problem. These changes reflect the heterogeneity of ideas in different stages of socialist development, which is closely related to the philosophical basis they adhere to. Utopian socialism takes the idealistic historical view as the theoretical basis. And scientific socialism is based on historical materialism. Of course, what is important is that the heterogeneity itself contains internal similarities and even consistency, that is, the common pursuit of scientific socialism and utopian socialism, that is, realistic feelings. The pursuit of equality and attention to personality improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D091.6

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