發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-24 11:18

  本文選題：國家制度價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　切入點(diǎn)：公正　出處：《浙江社會科學(xué)》2017年02期

【摘要】：國家制度好壞的根本價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是公正,亦即等利害交換,說到底,是平等,特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)平等:一方面,在任何社會,每個(gè)人不論勞動多少、貢獻(xiàn)如何,都應(yīng)該按人類基本物質(zhì)需要完全平等地分配基本經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利(即按需分配)。另一方面,在私有制社會,應(yīng)該按照每個(gè)人所提供的生產(chǎn)要素的邊際產(chǎn)品價(jià)值,而分配給他含有等量交換價(jià)值的非基本經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利,以便使每個(gè)人所享有的非基本經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利的不平等,與自己所貢獻(xiàn)的生產(chǎn)要素的邊際產(chǎn)品價(jià)值的不平等的比例,完全平等(即按生產(chǎn)要素分配);在公有制社會,則應(yīng)按每個(gè)人所貢獻(xiàn)的社會必要?jiǎng)趧訒r(shí)間,而分配給他含有同量社會必要?jiǎng)趧訒r(shí)間的非基本經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利,以便使每個(gè)人所享有的非基本經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利的不平等,與自己所貢獻(xiàn)的社會必要?jiǎng)趧訒r(shí)間的不平等的比例,完全平等(即按勞分配)。國家制度好壞的最高價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是人道,亦即使人成為人(使人實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的創(chuàng)造性潛能而成為可能成為的最有價(jià)值的人),說到底,是自由,特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)自由:經(jīng)濟(jì)活動應(yīng)該由市場機(jī)制自行調(diào)節(jié),而不應(yīng)由政府管制,政府的干預(yù)應(yīng)僅限于確立和保障經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則;而在這些經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則的范圍內(nèi),每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該享有完全按照自己的意志進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的自由,都享有完全按照自己的意志進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)、分配、交換和消費(fèi)等經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的自由。
[Abstract]:The fundamental standard of value for the good or bad of the national system is justice, that is, the exchange of interests, and, in the final analysis, equality, especially economic equality: on the one hand, in any society, no matter how much labour one person is working, he or she contributes. On the other hand, in a society of private ownership, the marginal product value of the factors of production provided by each person should be taken into account. And the distribution to him of non-basic economic rights with equal exchange value, so that the inequality of the non-basic economic rights enjoyed by each person is proportional to the unequal value of the marginal product value of the factor of production to which he contributes, Complete equality (that is, distribution according to factors of production; in a public society, it is to be allocated to non-basic economic rights that contain equal amounts of necessary social labour time, according to the social essential labour hours to which each person contributes), In order to make the inequality of non-basic economic rights enjoyed by everyone fully equal in proportion to the unequal proportion of the necessary working hours of the society to which he contributes (that is, distribution according to work). The highest standard of value for the good or bad of the national system is humanity, That is to say, the most valuable person who makes man (who makes him realize his creative potential) is, in the end, freedom, especially economic freedom: economic activity should be regulated by market mechanisms and not regulated by governments, Government intervention should be limited to the establishment and protection of economic rules, within which everyone should have the freedom to conduct economic activities in full accordance with his or her own will and to produce in full accordance with his own will, Freedom of economic activity such as distribution, exchange and consumption.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)哲學(xué)系;
【基金】：國家社會科學(xué)基金一般項(xiàng)目(16BKS087)“社會主義核心價(jià)值觀與國家治理現(xiàn)代化的內(nèi)在邏輯研究”之階段性成果
【分類號】：D033

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