本文選題：后馬克思主義　切入點：拉克勞　出處：《西北師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自從二十世紀七十年代中葉，伴隨著左派政治的挫落、右翼勢力在西方國家的復興、保守政策的回歸，結(jié)構(gòu)主義的馬克思主義的衰退，在這種大背景中，正是對科學社會主義普遍懷疑的強化引發(fā)一些左翼理論家對經(jīng)典馬克思主義原則的直接批判。這一時期，西方后結(jié)構(gòu)主義與后現(xiàn)代主義解構(gòu)著馬克思主義總體解放承諾的宏大敘事前設。 拉克勞、墨菲作為后馬克思主義的旗手，他們發(fā)表于1985年的《霸權(quán)與社會主義的策略》(Hegemony and Socialist Politics）是后馬克思主義理論的里程碑。這部著作著重闡述了“霸權(quán)”這一核心概念以及重新建構(gòu)的“新霸權(quán)”理論框架，指出當代左派理論的危機及其根源，認為應對馬克思主義本質(zhì)主義、經(jīng)濟還原論等一系列基本原理進行重新考慮，放棄階級斗爭及其主體性應用的原則，，利用新社會運動的力量，實現(xiàn)激進的民主和多元民主的政治鏈接。拉克勞和墨菲認為自己與對待馬克思主義的傳統(tǒng)方法是完全不同的，他們要復活使馬克思主義范疇的話語運作得以可能的前提條件，目的是使馬克思主義的理論化領(lǐng)域更加多樣化，更合時宜而不是馬克思列寧主義描述的那種馬克思主義的歷史所具有的“整體化怪癖”。由于經(jīng)典馬克思主義預設了“普遍”主體的存在，并把社會觀念化為“理性的透明秩序”（rational，transparent order），它不可能充分把握這些運動之間復雜的差異協(xié)商（negotiations of difference）。他們認為，“政治不是上層建筑”，而主張它具有社會本體論的地位。因為現(xiàn)實的對立和辯證的矛盾都不能解釋“社會對抗”的特定關(guān)系，對抗不是客觀關(guān)系，而是在其中顯示了所有客觀性限度的關(guān)系。社會圍繞著它的限度構(gòu)成，而這些限度才是對抗性的。對抗性這個概念必須不加夸張地被理解。 通過一個團結(jié)起來的普遍階級主體來完成徹底而全面的人類解放已不是可預期的社會變革模式；通過對馬克思主義內(nèi)部的一些概念的激進化再闡釋、對某些后現(xiàn)代理論的改造或轉(zhuǎn)換性運用，在話語建構(gòu)的框架內(nèi)竭力把多元性身份認同與激進民主的政治接合作為一種超越馬克思主義總體化及本質(zhì)主義宰制的新解放模型確立起來。拉克勞、莫菲的后馬克思主義霸權(quán)理論是結(jié)構(gòu)主義與建構(gòu)主義的有機結(jié)合，是差異政治與認同政治的相容性橋建的理論嘗試。他們依然信奉自由民主、群眾性政治斗爭、自主與多元解放等現(xiàn)代政治的價值取向。本文依據(jù)拉克勞、莫菲的主要文本《霸權(quán)與社會主義策略》，深入剖析了拉克勞、墨菲的后馬克思主義的話語理論，并詳細闡明他們的后馬克思主義文化霸權(quán)接合的理論內(nèi)涵與建構(gòu)意義。在我國意識形態(tài)的框架中對后馬克思主義做出有益的理論借鑒和哲學實踐。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of 1970s, with the collapse of left politics, the revival of right-wing forces in Western countries, the return of conservative policies and the decline of structuralist Marxism, It was the intensification of the general suspicion of scientific socialism that led some left-wing theorists to directly criticize the principles of classical Marxism. Western post-structuralism and post-modernism deconstructed the grand narrative of Marxism's general liberation promise. LaCrowe, Murphy, as the standard-bearer of post-Marxism, Hegemony and Socialist Politics, published in 1985, is a milestone in post-Marxist theory. This work focuses on the core concept of "hegemony" and the theoretical framework of "new hegemony" re-constructed. This paper points out the crisis and its origin of the contemporary left-wing theory, and holds that a series of basic principles, such as Marxist essentialism and economic reductionism, should be reconsidered, and the principle of class struggle and its application of subjectivity should be abandoned. Using the power of the new social movement to bring about a political link between radical democracy and pluralistic democracy. Laclau and Murphy thought they were completely different from the traditional way of treating Marxism. They want to revive the preconditions that make possible the operation of discourse in the category of Marxism, with the aim of diversifying the theoretical field of Marxism, It is more timely than the Marxist history described by Marxism-Leninism, which has a "monolithic eccentricity." because classical Marxism presupposes the existence of "universal" subjects, It is impossible to fully grasp the complex differences between these movements and negotiate negotiations of differences. They believe that "politics is not a superstructure", and that it has the status of social ontology. Because neither the reality nor the dialectical contradiction can explain the specific relationship of "social confrontation", Confrontation is not an objective relationship, but one in which all the limits of objectivity are shown. Society revolves around its limits, which are antagonistic. The concept of confrontation must be understood without exaggeration. It is no longer a predictable model of social change to complete the complete and complete emancipation of mankind through a United universal class subject; through the radicalization of some concepts within Marxism, The transformation or transformative application of some post-modern theories, Within the framework of discourse construction, the political integration of pluralistic identity and radical democracy is established as a new emancipation model that transcends the collectivization of Marxism and dominates the system of essentialism. Murphy's post-Marxist hegemonic theory is an organic combination of structuralism and constructivism, and a theoretical attempt to build a compatible bridge between differential politics and identity politics. They still believe in liberal democracy and mass political struggle. The value orientation of modern politics, such as autonomy and pluralistic liberation. Based on Laclau and Murphy's main text hegemony and Socialist Strategy, this paper deeply analyzes the post-Marxist discourse theory of Laclau and Murphy. The theoretical connotation and constructive significance of their post-Marxist cultural hegemony are expounded in detail, and the useful theoretical reference and philosophical practice of post-Marxism are made in the framework of Chinese ideology.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D09

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