本文選題：宋教仁　切入點(diǎn)：權(quán)力配置　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2010年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 政治權(quán)力的產(chǎn)生,標(biāo)志著人類從非政治社會(huì)進(jìn)入政治社會(huì),人類所有的政治活動(dòng)和政治行為都圍繞著政治權(quán)力展開。這就需要解決三個(gè)基本問題,即政治權(quán)力的歸屬、政治權(quán)力的配置和政治權(quán)力的運(yùn)行。對(duì)于第一個(gè)問題,在人類社會(huì)進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)的今天,主權(quán)在民的觀念已經(jīng)深入人心,至少公開宣稱反民主的國家和政黨已經(jīng)不存在了。那么,如何建構(gòu)合理的政治權(quán)力配置模式,以盡量減少政治權(quán)力運(yùn)行過程中的負(fù)面影響,就成了我們尚未完成的課題。 中國幾千年來的政治權(quán)力配置模式是封建君主的專制獨(dú)裁權(quán)力配置模式,這種政治權(quán)力的配置模式,是以皇帝為核心的。而自鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來,所謂面臨三千年未有之變局,這種的傳統(tǒng)的政治權(quán)力配置模式所支撐的立國之道,顯然已不足以應(yīng)付新的世界形勢(shì)的挑戰(zhàn),于是,政治權(quán)力配置模式的轉(zhuǎn)型以實(shí)現(xiàn)中國政治的現(xiàn)代化迫在眉睫。近代中國的仁人志士們從西方找到了政治權(quán)力配置模式轉(zhuǎn)型的目標(biāo),那就是民主憲政,用憲法來配置政治權(quán)力。中國用憲法來配置政治權(quán)力的第一步是在迫于無奈的背景下邁出的,為了清王朝的茍延殘喘,風(fēng)雨飄搖中的清政府進(jìn)行了為期10年的政治改革,試圖重新分配政治權(quán)力。然隨著清朝政府在革命大炮中的土崩瓦解,近代中國進(jìn)行政治權(quán)力配置模式轉(zhuǎn)型的第一次嘗試徹底失敗。 在辛亥革命中匆忙誕生的南京臨時(shí)政府,對(duì)于如何選擇和建構(gòu)自己的政治權(quán)力配置模式,亦有一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)和爭(zhēng)論的過程。在這個(gè)過程中,有一個(gè)人的聲音漸漸清晰,那就是宋教仁。被譽(yù)為“未來的民主共和國的叔孫通”和“中國的杰斐遜”的宋教仁,是中國偉大的民主革命先行者、中華民國的締造者,是中華民國初期第一位倡導(dǎo)內(nèi)閣制的政治家,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)中國的政治權(quán)力配置模式的建構(gòu)有著自己清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),并在其中發(fā)揮了重大作用。論文試圖從思想史的角度解讀宋教仁的政治思想,注意把握其政治思想的淵源流變及內(nèi)在邏輯,并強(qiáng)調(diào)從制度設(shè)計(jì)的角度剖析宋教仁關(guān)于民初政治權(quán)力配置模式的設(shè)計(jì)及其實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。
[Abstract]:The emergence of political power marks the transition of human beings from non-political society to political society, and all political activities and behaviors of human beings are carried out around political power, which requires the solution of three basic problems, namely, the attribution of political power. The allocation of political power and the operation of political power. For the first question, in the present day of human society entering 21th century, the concept of sovereignty in the people has been deeply rooted in the people's mind, at least the openly declared anti-democratic countries and political parties no longer exist. Well, How to construct a reasonable model of political power allocation to minimize the negative influence in the process of political power operation has become a problem that we have not yet completed. The pattern of political power allocation in China for thousands of years is the autocratic and dictatorial power allocation model of feudal monarchs, which is based on the emperor. And since the Opium War, the so-called "three thousand years" have not been changed. This traditional model of political power allocation is clearly not enough to meet the challenges of the new world situation. In order to realize the modernization of Chinese politics, the transformation of political power allocation mode is imminent. The people with lofty ideals in modern China have found the goal of the transformation of political power allocation mode from the West, that is, democratic constitutionalism. The first step for China to use the constitution to allocate political power was taken under the background of helplessness. For the survival of the Qing Dynasty, the shaky Qing government carried out a 10-year political reform. However, with the collapse of the Qing government in the revolutionary cannon, the first attempt to transform the mode of political power allocation in modern China completely failed. The Nanjing Provisional Government, which was hastily born in the Revolution of 1911, also had a process of understanding and arguing about how to choose and construct its own political power allocation model. In this process, one person's voice gradually became clear. That is Song Jiaoren, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution and the founder of the Republic of China, known as "the future democratic republic's Schos-Sun Tong" and "China's Jefferson". He was the first politician to advocate the cabinet system in the early period of the Republic of China. He had a clear understanding of the construction of the political power allocation model in China at that time. The thesis tries to interpret Song Jiaoren's political thought from the perspective of the history of thought, and to grasp the origin and internal logic of his political thought. From the point of view of system design, this paper analyzes Song Jiaoren's design and realization path of political power allocation mode in the early Republic of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D092;K258

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