本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民族國家 民主制度 制度設(shè)計 現(xiàn)代化　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 近現(xiàn)代中國在西方世界的沖擊下,開始其艱難的轉(zhuǎn)型,從制度層面的借鑒到觀念層面的轉(zhuǎn)變,這一歷史進(jìn)程昭示了民主制度最終取代專制制度是歷史的選擇,是不可扭轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢。本論文的選題意在梳理歷史的過程中,通過對歷史文獻(xiàn)的考察及其在與西方國家的對比分析中,總結(jié)出近現(xiàn)代中國在國家治理制度化方面的經(jīng)驗與教訓(xùn),為構(gòu)建中國現(xiàn)代國家制度提供一定的理論依據(jù),促進(jìn)國家理論的進(jìn)一步研究。 近現(xiàn)代中國的制度仿制與構(gòu)建的基本路徑是循著民主化與現(xiàn)代化的價值取向展開的,其選擇的方向性是符合世界和中國社會發(fā)展潮流的,同時也是后發(fā)展國家實現(xiàn)趕超先進(jìn)國家的捷徑與必然選擇。雖然諸多失敗,但是在此過程中,中國人開始重新認(rèn)識世界和自身,逐步認(rèn)識到在制度文明上與西方國家的差距,為日后的變革奠定了思想基礎(chǔ)。經(jīng)驗的獲取離不開對于教訓(xùn)的深刻領(lǐng)會,近現(xiàn)代中國在制度仿制與構(gòu)建過程中備受對民主共和的渴望與對西方民主政治負(fù)面影響恐懼的矛盾心理的困擾,而且對西方政制的整體性認(rèn)識不夠,對制度的變遷只側(cè)重有形的制度形式,在整個制度的構(gòu)建中更是急功近利、盲目樂觀。但造成制度蛻變與失敗的最直接、最主要的原因則是在威權(quán)政治中的政治強(qiáng)人觀念陳舊,對權(quán)力過于貪戀,使民主共和制度徒有虛名。 因而,在總結(jié)經(jīng)驗與教訓(xùn)的過程中,我們需要澄清幾個重要理論問題:1.西方民主制度是可以實現(xiàn)仿效與移植的。但需要注意的是,在制度移植與仿制過程中培養(yǎng)與此制度相適應(yīng)的制度精神則需要極其漫長的過程。2.西方民主制度與中國國情從根本上說不是對立的,而是有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,普適性文明推動和指引著中國前進(jìn)的方向,而中國的特殊性也豐富著世界文明的內(nèi)涵,他們之間實際上是互相彌補(bǔ)、共同發(fā)展的。3.制度與人之間的辯證關(guān)系是,在制度的形成過程中是個人品質(zhì)決定和制約了制度的形成;但在政治制度確立后是政治制度決定和制約了個人的行為。
[Abstract]:Under the impact of the western world, modern China began its difficult transition, from the institutional level to the concept of change, this historical process shows that democratic system is the ultimate replacement of the autocratic system is the historical choice. The purpose of this paper is to comb the history, through the historical literature review and comparative analysis with the Western countries, summed up the modern China in the institutionalization of national governance experience and lessons. To provide some theoretical basis for the construction of China's modern state system, and to promote the further study of national theory. The basic path of system imitation and construction in modern China follows the value orientation of democratization and modernization, and the direction of its choice is in line with the trend of world and Chinese social development. At the same time, it is also a shortcut and an inevitable choice for post-developing countries to catch up with advanced countries. Although many failures have occurred, the Chinese people began to re-understand the world and themselves in the process and gradually realized the gap between the institutional civilization and the western countries. For the future changes laid the ideological foundation. Experience is inseparable from the profound understanding of the lessons, In the process of system imitation and construction in modern China, the desire for democratic republicanism and the contradictory psychology of fear of negative influence on western democratic politics are perplexed, and the whole understanding of western political system is not enough. The change of the system only emphasizes the tangible form of the system, and in the construction of the whole system, it is eager for quick success and instant benefit, and blindly optimistic. But the most direct cause of the institutional transformation and failure is the outmoded idea of the political strongman in the authoritarian politics. Too much appetite for power makes the democratic Republican system devoid of fame. Thus, in summing up experiences and lessons, we need to clarify several important theoretical questions: 1. Western democracies can be replicated and transplanted. In the process of institutional transplantation and imitation, it takes an extremely long process to cultivate the spirit of the system which is suitable for this system. The western democratic system and the national conditions of China are not fundamentally opposed, but are inextricably linked. Universal civilization promotes and guides the direction of China's progress, and China's particularity also enriches the connotation of world civilization. In fact, they make up for each other and develop together .3.The dialectical relationship between institutions and people is, In the process of the formation of the system, it is the personal character that determines and restricts the formation of the system, but after the establishment of the political system, it is the political system that determines and restricts the individual's behavior.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D09

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本文編號：1546118