本文關(guān)鍵詞： 君主 秩序創(chuàng)建 共和體制 腐化　出處：《中國政法大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 本文導(dǎo)論部分在分析前人對(duì)馬基雅維利政治思想三種不同解讀模式的基礎(chǔ)上選定了自身基本的闡釋框架,即將《君主論》與《論李維》作為一個(gè)整體來看待,指出馬基雅維利關(guān)注的核心問題即:什么樣的政治秩序才是理想的?這種理想政治秩序如何建構(gòu)與維護(hù)?本文認(rèn)為馬基雅維利理想中的政治秩序是一種共和體制;但他同時(shí)突出了君主在秩序創(chuàng)建與維護(hù)(包括統(tǒng)一國家、立法創(chuàng)制與整治腐化城邦)過程中的作用。 本文第一部分關(guān)注君主在秩序創(chuàng)建過程中的作用,指出此過程構(gòu)成一種“非常態(tài)政治”情境。君主于這一過程中運(yùn)用武力與權(quán)謀統(tǒng)一國家、創(chuàng)制立法,施展自身“德性”,成就偉大功業(yè),最終得享無上榮耀。在這里馬基雅維利勾畫了一個(gè)具有“神性”的君主形象。 本文第二部分指出:為政治秩序之長久計(jì),馬基雅維利期待于君主創(chuàng)建的是一個(gè)共和體制(以古羅馬共和國為模型)。這種體制以混合體制為基礎(chǔ),賦予平民相當(dāng)?shù)膮⒄䴔?quán)。它以“法治”為其核心要素,輔之以良好風(fēng)俗(尤其是宗教),以期達(dá)致長治久安。共和體制的日常運(yùn)作屬于“常態(tài)政治”的范疇。 本文第三部分關(guān)注共和秩序的腐化問題。在馬基雅維利看來這種腐化不可避免,它根源于人性的卑劣,但往往直接肇始于人們的無知。本部分接著討論了馬基雅維利所述應(yīng)對(duì)腐化問題的常規(guī)方法與非常規(guī)方法,強(qiáng)調(diào)了君主式神性人物在整治腐化中的作用。 本文結(jié)語部分以前文的論述為依據(jù),主要討論了馬基雅維利政治思想研究過程中幾個(gè)比較有爭(zhēng)議的問題:①有關(guān)“馬基雅維利主義”問題。本文指出所謂“馬基雅維利主義”必須在政治秩序創(chuàng)建這一“非常態(tài)政治”的背景下加以考量。馬基雅維利并不是將政治分離于道德,他只是主張一種“責(zé)任倫理”;②關(guān)于君主行為的動(dòng)機(jī)問題:他主要是在追求個(gè)人的榮耀(野心)還是在真心為共同體謀利?本文指出這在政治上是個(gè)無關(guān)緊要的問題,并以此批評(píng)施特勞斯派對(duì)于這一問題的過分糾纏;③“古今之爭(zhēng)”背景下的馬基雅維利。本文認(rèn)為在思想層面上馬基雅維利的確具有較多的現(xiàn)代特質(zhì);但在體制層面上,從他對(duì)理想共和制度之勾勒來看,他繼承古羅馬的因素還是占主導(dǎo)地位,他更多的還是面向古代。
[Abstract]:On the basis of analyzing three different modes of interpretation of Machiavelli's political thought, the introduction of this paper selects its own basic interpretation frame, namely "monarchy" and "on Liwei" as a whole. It points out that Machiavelli is concerned about the core question: what kind of political order is ideal? How to construct and maintain this ideal political order? This paper holds that the political order in Machiavelli's ideal is a Republican system, but at the same time he highlights the role of monarchs in the process of creating and maintaining order (including unifying the country, legislating to create and renovate the corrupted city-states). The first part of this paper focuses on the role of the monarch in the process of creating order, and points out that this process constitutes a kind of "abnormal politics" situation. In this process, the monarch uses force and power to unify the country and create legislation. In the end, Machiavelli depicts the image of a sovereign with divinity. The second part of this paper points out: for the long term of political order, Machiavelli expects the monarch to create a Republican system (modelled on the ancient Roman Republic), which is based on a mixed system. It takes "rule of law" as its core element, supplemented by good customs (especially religion), in order to achieve lasting stability. The daily operation of the Republican system belongs to the category of "normal politics". The third part of this paper focuses on the corruption of the Republican order. In Machiavelli's view, this corruption is inevitable and rooted in the despicable nature of human nature. This part then discusses Machiavelli's conventional and unconventional methods to deal with the problem of corruption and emphasizes the role of monarchical divinity in the treatment of corruption. The conclusion of this article is based on the previous discussion. This paper mainly discusses several controversial questions in the study of Machiavelli's political thought: 1 concerning "Machiavellianism". This paper points out that Machiavellianism must be established in the political order. Consider it in the context of "abnormal politics". Machiavelli does not separate politics from morality. He simply advocates a "duty ethic" about the motivations of monarchical behavior: is he primarily pursuing personal glory (ambition) or is he really working for the benefit of the community? This article points out that this is a politically irrelevant issue. In this way, the writer criticizes Machiavelli in the context of Strauss' excessive entanglement on this issue. This paper holds that Machiavelli does have more modern characteristics at the ideological level, but at the institutional level, Judging from his outline of the ideal republic, his inheritance of ancient Rome was still dominant, and he was more oriented to the ancient times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D09

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 朱新;在專制與共和之間[D];華東師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1545007