本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民權(quán)保障同盟 宋慶齡 民主 人權(quán)　出處：《上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：五四時(shí)期，陳獨(dú)秀最初使用的是“人權(quán)”、“科學(xué)”兩面大旗。后來(lái)他將人權(quán)改為了民主，就成了“德先生”和“賽先生”。這一變動(dòng)說(shuō)明了人權(quán)概念是可以被民主概念涵蓋的，發(fā)展人權(quán)的同時(shí)還要注重發(fā)展民主。孫中山提出的“民權(quán)主義”（Principles of Democracy）就是要發(fā)展民主。但是隨著中國(guó)革命進(jìn)程的停滯，民主的發(fā)展也遭遇了障礙。蔣介石上臺(tái)后，推行發(fā)動(dòng)獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害人權(quán)，民主自然也成為空談。這種情況下，宋慶齡在1932年年底組織成立了“中國(guó)民權(quán)保障同盟”，其任務(wù)就是保障中國(guó)的人權(quán)，具體表現(xiàn)為爭(zhēng)取言論自由和營(yíng)救被蔣介石非法關(guān)押的政治犯，其中大部分是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨員。面對(duì)蔣介石的獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治和殘酷暗殺，同盟成員不畏艱難，將個(gè)人生死置之度外，即使是在同盟解散后仍不遺余力地為爭(zhēng)取人權(quán)而奮斗。從實(shí)踐角度而言，同盟的任務(wù)有二，一是繼承孫中山的民權(quán)主義，為實(shí)現(xiàn)政治革命而奮斗，因?yàn)槊駲?quán)主義是“政治革命的根本”。二是要維護(hù)基本的人權(quán)不受侵犯，爭(zhēng)取言論、出版、結(jié)社等基本自由。 民權(quán)概念在西方譯為“civil rights”這是突出民權(quán)在人權(quán)方面的涵義。另一方面，孫中山把民權(quán)視為“people’s power”，這就強(qiáng)調(diào)了民權(quán)的民主涵義。這兩方面的涵義使得民權(quán)的保障需要從這兩方面共同努力。為了不使國(guó)家權(quán)力侵犯?jìng)�(gè)人權(quán)利，保障人權(quán)，就要為爭(zhēng)取民主而奮斗。在民主制度下，侵犯人權(quán)的情況是很少發(fā)生的，人的權(quán)利和自由得到充分尊重和保護(hù)。 在同盟為爭(zhēng)取民權(quán)奮斗的過(guò)程中，，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨一直和它并肩作戰(zhàn)，共同反對(duì)獨(dú)裁爭(zhēng)取民主。雖然此時(shí)的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨還處于局部執(zhí)政時(shí)期。但就在那時(shí)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨已經(jīng)十分重視民主建設(shè)和人權(quán)保障，一直到新中國(guó)的建立，民主和人權(quán)的發(fā)展達(dá)到了中國(guó)歷史上史無(wú)前例的高度。但是建國(guó)后，隨著民主建設(shè)的倒退，使得人權(quán)建設(shè)也如履薄冰。直到改革開(kāi)放之后，一直到新世紀(jì)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨逐步建立起了具有中國(guó)特色的人權(quán)理論并摸索出了符合國(guó)情的民主發(fā)展道路，正在繼續(xù)通過(guò)民主法治建設(shè)來(lái)保障中國(guó)的人權(quán)。
[Abstract]:During the May 4th Movement, Chen Duxiu initially used "human rights" and "science" two big flags. Later, he changed human rights to democracy, which became "Mr. de" and "Mr. Sai." this change shows that the concept of human rights can be covered by the concept of democracy. While developing human rights, we should also pay attention to the development of democracy. Sun Zhongshan put forward "civil rights doctrine" of democracy. However, with the stagnation of China's revolutionary process, the development of democracy has also encountered obstacles. After Jiang Jieshi came to power, The implementation of dictatorship has seriously damaged human rights, and democracy has naturally become empty talk. Under such circumstances, Song Qingling organized and set up the "China Civil Rights guarantee Alliance" at the end of 1932, whose mission is to protect human rights in China. This is manifested in the struggle for freedom of speech and the rescue of political prisoners illegally detained by Jiang Jieshi, most of whom are members of the Communist Party of China. In the face of Jiang Jieshi's dictatorship and brutal assassination, the members of the League, without fear of hardship, set aside their personal lives and lives. Even after the dissolution of the Alliance, it spared no effort to fight for human rights. From a practical point of view, the Alliance has two tasks: one is to inherit Sun Zhongshan's civil rights doctrine and to strive for a political revolution. The second is to protect the basic human rights and fight for the basic freedoms of speech, press, association and so on. The concept of civil rights is translated as "civil rights" in the West, which highlights the meaning of civil rights in the field of human rights. On the other hand, Sun Zhongshan regards civil rights as "people's power", which emphasizes the democratic meaning of civil rights. These two meanings make the protection of civil rights require joint efforts from these two aspects. In order not to allow state power to infringe on individual rights and protect human rights, In a democratic system, human rights violations are rare and human rights and freedoms are fully respected and protected. In the course of the alliance's struggle for civil rights, the Communist Party of China fought alongside it in opposing dictatorship and fighting for democracy. Although the Communist Party of China was still in power at that time, it was at that time, The Communist Party of China has attached great importance to the construction of democracy and the guarantee of human rights, until the establishment of new China, the development of democracy and human rights has reached an unprecedented height in Chinese history. But after the founding of the people's Republic of China, with the retrogression of democratic construction, The construction of human rights has also been on a thin ice. Until the beginning of reform and opening up, until the new century, the Communist Party of China gradually established the theory of human rights with Chinese characteristics and groped for the path of democratic development suited to the national conditions. We are continuing to safeguard human rights in China through the building of democracy and the rule of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K263;D082

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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2 朱正;;魯迅和胡適在中國(guó)民權(quán)保障同盟[J];炎黃春秋;2005年12期

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