本文關(guān)鍵詞： 柏克 理性主義 有限理性 權(quán)利 傳統(tǒng) 制度　出處：《中國政法大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 本文認(rèn)為柏克政治思想的核心在于他對(duì)理性的懷疑和對(duì)理性主義的批判,以此為基礎(chǔ),柏克形成了自己獨(dú)特的有限理性政治觀。有限理性的政治觀念構(gòu)成柏克政治思想的首要特征。 柏克的有限理性政治觀是在英國特定歷史條件下的保守氛圍中孕育,在國內(nèi)王權(quán)蓄意擴(kuò)張、激進(jìn)主義思潮涌動(dòng)和法國大革命爆發(fā)的政治形勢(shì)下,為了維護(hù)英國自“光榮革命”以來所確立的政治傳統(tǒng)而形成的。柏克的有限理性政治思想深受蘇格蘭啟蒙思想尤其是休謨對(duì)“理性”研究的影響,并且批判地繼承了自霍布斯、洛克以來的古典自由主義的權(quán)利思想。此外,亞里士多德“政治是一門道德善的藝術(shù)”的思想也對(duì)柏克產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。 柏克有限理性政治觀的核心是他對(duì)理性之有限性的認(rèn)識(shí),有限理性思想構(gòu)成柏克政治思想的認(rèn)識(shí)論基礎(chǔ)�；谟邢蘩硇缘恼J(rèn)識(shí)論基礎(chǔ),柏克對(duì)權(quán)利、傳統(tǒng)、社會(huì)制度都提出了不同的認(rèn)識(shí),這構(gòu)成柏克有限理性政治觀的基本內(nèi)容。在權(quán)利觀上,柏克認(rèn)為權(quán)利不是抽象的、思辨的權(quán)利,也不是天賦人權(quán),而是社會(huì)中的權(quán)利;在傳統(tǒng)觀上,柏克認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)是歷史的積淀,是連接人類理性與上帝意志的中介,他尊崇的是英國自由法治的傳統(tǒng);在社會(huì)制度變革觀上,柏克提出有機(jī)的社會(huì)制度觀,贊成漸進(jìn)的改革、反對(duì)完全基于抽象理論設(shè)計(jì)的革命。 柏克的有限理性政治觀對(duì)后世有著巨大的影響。在二十世紀(jì)理性泛濫導(dǎo)致了極權(quán)主義政治的背景下,柏克的有限理性政治觀被哈耶克等人重視和重述。對(duì)現(xiàn)代政治中的一些問題和正處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的中國而言,柏克的有限理性政治觀也有著非常深刻的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:This paper holds that the core of Burke's political thought lies in his skepticism of reason and his criticism of rationalism. Burke has formed his own unique view of limited rational politics, which constitutes the primary feature of Burke's political thought. Burke's view of limited rational politics was nurtured in the conservative atmosphere under the specific historical conditions of Britain, in the political situation of the deliberate expansion of domestic Wang Quan, the surge of radicalism and the outbreak of the French Revolution. In order to preserve the political tradition established in Britain since the "glorious revolution", Burke's limited rational political thought was deeply influenced by Scottish enlightenment thought, especially Hume's study of rationality, and critically inherited from Hobbes. In addition, Aristotle's thought of "Politics is an art of moral goodness" also has a certain influence on Burke. The core of Burke's view of limited rational politics is his understanding of the finiteness of reason, which forms the epistemological basis of Burke's political thought. In the view of rights, Burke holds that rights are not abstract, speculative rights, nor natural human rights, but rights in society; In the view of tradition, Burke holds that tradition is the accumulation of history and the intermediary between human reason and the will of God. What he venerates is the tradition of freedom and rule of law in Britain; in the view of social system change, Burke puts forward the organic view of social system. For progressive reform and against revolution based entirely on abstract theory. Burke's view of limited rational politics had a great influence on later generations. In 20th century, the spread of rationality led to totalitarian politics. Burke's view of limited rational politics has been emphasized and restated by Hayek and others. For some problems in modern politics and China which is in the period of social transformation, Burke's view of limited rational politics also has a very profound significance for reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D0

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