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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 約翰·羅默 分配正義 剝削 機會平等　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：約翰·羅默(John E.Romer)是分析馬克思主義學(xué)派的代表之一,他的正義思想在國際上有相當(dāng)大的影響力。由于羅默是一位政治學(xué)者同時也是一位經(jīng)濟學(xué)家,所以與其他關(guān)注分配正義的學(xué)者不同。他致力于經(jīng)濟學(xué)與政治哲學(xué)的融合,正因如此,它的正義理論有著與現(xiàn)實更緊密的聯(lián)系,有著更強的可操作性。早期,約翰·羅默認為馬克思剝削理論的基礎(chǔ)已不能說明當(dāng)代資本主義社會不公,因此他拋棄了勞動價值論,通過微觀均衡模型為剝削理論打造了一個新的理論基礎(chǔ)一一原初財產(chǎn)分配不均,力圖以更廣的適用性解釋社會不平等的原因。后期他轉(zhuǎn)向了政治哲學(xué),力圖為現(xiàn)實的分配政策奠定理論指導(dǎo)原則。 國外學(xué)者對于羅默學(xué)說的研究大多是對于羅默理論的某些學(xué)說的回應(yīng),是以一種對話探討的模式進行研究,如對早期的剝削理論,后期的證券社會主義理論進行評價批判。國內(nèi)因為并沒有介入國外政治哲學(xué)的爭論,缺乏對于國外對話的語境的了解,所以對于羅默的研究多是以翻譯介紹為主,并且多是在分析馬克思主義的框架中去介紹羅默的理論。 本文力圖不只是橫向介紹羅默的理論,而是先考察羅默學(xué)說形成的理論背景與現(xiàn)實背景,羅默的理論無疑是建立在西方經(jīng)濟學(xué)對于馬克思主義經(jīng)濟學(xué)的判斷與西方政治哲學(xué)家關(guān)于分配正義的爭論之上的。只有了解了羅默學(xué)說的背景再介紹羅默的理論,我們才能看到羅默潛在的思想邏輯。當(dāng)我們分析了羅默的思想邏輯,關(guān)于羅默會得出與馬克思不同的正義思想的原因也將會展現(xiàn)在我們面前。單純地否定羅默與馬克思的不同沒有意義,批判地看待羅默不同于馬克思的思想邏輯才將給予我們關(guān)于當(dāng)代分配收入改革的現(xiàn)實性啟示。 第一章介紹羅默學(xué)說形成的背景,分為思想語境與現(xiàn)實背景。其中了解思想語境極為重要。如果不了解思想語境,將會覺得羅默的某些重要論斷,如對勞動價值論的論斷過于草率。甚至還會對羅默的某些術(shù)語產(chǎn)生誤解,如“機會平等”、“自我所有制’’等,這些術(shù)語都誕生于羅默之前的分配正義學(xué)說,有獨特的思想內(nèi)涵,不能單純從字面上理解。了解羅默學(xué)說形成的現(xiàn)實背景可以讓我們明白羅默的學(xué)說適用于當(dāng)代的哪些情況,比如蘇聯(lián)不存在了,但是社會主義剝削存在的土壤是否還存在值得我們注意 第二章介紹羅默的正義思想,包括前期的剝削理論與后期的機會平等。對于剝削理論,本文著重介紹羅默的幾個模型,羅默認為用微觀均衡模型有更強的說服力,認清羅默與馬克思不同的出發(fā)點將有益于對羅默的邏輯路徑的考察。機會平等理論是為了克服原初財產(chǎn)分配不均所造成的社會不會平等的指導(dǎo)原則,對于我國收入分配改革有直接的現(xiàn)實啟示。至于羅默后期的證券社會主義等學(xué)說本文沒有提及,因為這些具體措施是羅默思想邏輯在西方背景下的空想,而本文著重羅默的正義思想本身。 第三章結(jié)合前兩章的內(nèi)容用馬克思的視角批判得分析羅默的思想,找出他與馬克思產(chǎn)生不同結(jié)論的原因,本文用了兩個角度考察,一個是對馬克思的歷史方法與羅默的分析模型方法進行考察。另一個分別從經(jīng)濟學(xué)與政治哲學(xué)的視角對其進行考察。 最后一章探討一下羅默學(xué)說對當(dāng)前我國改革的現(xiàn)實啟示。
[Abstract]:John Romer (John E.Romer) is one of the representatives of Marx School of thought, his idea of justice has considerable influence in the world. The Romer is a political scholar at the same time an economist, so different with other scholars who concern distributive justice. He is committed to the integration of economics and political philosophy, because of this. His theory of justice has a closer contact with reality and has a stronger operability. Early, John Romer believes that the exploitation theory of Marx has been unable to explain the contemporary capitalist social injustice, so he abandoned the labor theory of value, through the micro equilibrium model for exploitation theory to build a new theoretical foundation to the original uneven distribution of property, tries to explain the cause of social inequality in a wider scope of application. Later he turned to political philosophy, trying to lay the real distribution policy On the guiding principles.
Foreign scholars mostly for some theory Romer theory for the study of the response of Romer's theory, is explored in a dialogue model, such as the exploitation of early theory, critical theory of socialism was evaluated later. Because domestic securities is not involved in foreign political and philosophical debate, for lack of foreign dialogue in the context of understanding, so the research of Romer is based on the translation introduces, and is analyzed in the framework of the Marx doctrine to introduce Romer's theory.
This paper not only introduces the transverse Romer's theory, but first examines the theoretical background of Romer theory formation and background of Romer's theory is based on western economics for the judgment of Marx economics and Western political philosopher on distributive justice argument. Only by understanding the background and then introduce Romer's theory Romer's theory, we can see the potential of Romer thought logic. When we analyzed the logic of Romer and Romer will draw about different ideas of justice from Marx also will show in front of us. The simple negation of Romer and Marx have different significance, critical view of Romer thought logic is different from Marx's, will give us enlightenment on our income distribution reform.
The first chapter introduces the background of Romer's theory formation, divided into the ideological context and realistic background. The understanding of ideological context is very important. If you do not understand the ideological context, will feel some important judgment Romer, such as the theory of labor value judgment is too hasty. Even some terms also to Romer's misunderstanding, such as "equality of opportunity", "self ownership", these terms are silent before the birth of Yu Luo justice theory, a unique ideological content, not only from literal understanding. Understanding the realistic background of Romer's theory which can let us understand the Romer theory which applies to the contemporary, such as the Soviet Union does not exist however, the exploitation of soil socialism if there is worthy of our attention.
The second chapter introduce Romer's justice thought, including the theory of exploitation and equal opportunities. In the early stage of exploitation theory, this paper introduces several models of Romer and Romer argues that the microcosmic equilibrium model is more convincing, Romer and Marx examined it in different starting point will be beneficial to the logical path of Romer the theory is to guide the principle of equal opportunities to overcome the original property caused by the uneven distribution of society is not equal, have realistic significance for the reform of income distribution in China. Romer's theory of socialist securities this paper do not mention, because these measures are Utopian Romer logic in the context of Western thought in this paper, and the idea of justice Roemer itself.
The third chapter combines the first two chapters analyze the Romer thought by Marx from the perspective of criticism, to find out why he and Marx get different conclusion, this paper studied by two aspects, one is analyzing the model method of historical method of Marx and Romer. Another from the from the perspective of economics and political philosophy.
The last chapter discusses the realistic enlightenment of Romer's theory to the current reform of our country.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D091

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