本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國傳統(tǒng)國家治理思想與國家治理現(xiàn)代化研究　出處：《廣西師范學院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 國家治理 儒家“王道” 法家“霸道” 道家“天道” 國家治理現(xiàn)代化

【摘要】：我國傳統(tǒng)國家治理思想的一般說法是“外儒內(nèi)法兼之以道”、“陽儒陰法”或者“王、霸結(jié)合”,即是儒家“王道”國家治理思想、法家“霸道”國家治理思想和道家“天道”國家治理思想的有機結(jié)合。作為中華文化內(nèi)在核心的儒、法、道家思想,不僅深刻地塑造了中華民族的民族個性,在政治、文化、心理上對中華民族具有既深且遠的影響;而且建構(gòu)了傳統(tǒng)國家治理的思想框架。儒家“王道”治理思想基于“社會人”的人性學說,主張倫理型政治:寓個人——家——國為一體,強調(diào)通過個人的自我砥礪以獲得“仁心”,然后訴諸教化和倫理影響,通過“忠恕之道”,發(fā)為“仁政”,表現(xiàn)在外就是“禮治”;其講求“內(nèi)圣外王”之道,通過“格物、致知、誠意、正心、修身、齊家、治國”的層層推進達到“平天下”的治理境界。法家“霸道”國家治理思想基于“功利人”的人性學說,主張強力型政治:君、臣、民三者相向爭利,互為勁敵,只有通過強力和權(quán)勢才可以生成上下秩序、尊卑地位;因此,其講求通過以“勢”為基礎(chǔ)、以“法”為制度、以“術(shù)”為手段的方式來治理國家。道家“天道”國家治理思想基于“自然人”的人性學說,主張無為型政治:保持百姓的天然淳樸本性,使人自得其樂,解構(gòu)外部力量的壓制,順從自然;其強調(diào)通過“無為則無不為”的治理手段,達到“小國寡民”的治理境界。儒、法、道三家治國思想在先秦時期形成以來,在兩千多年的帝制國家實踐中不斷地融合和豐富,推動了國家治理思想的深化,提升了國家治理水平的提高。在當下推動國家治理水平現(xiàn)代化的進程中:一方面,我們應(yīng)當積極發(fā)揮傳統(tǒng)文化應(yīng)有的文化穩(wěn)固作用;另一方面,也要注意到傳統(tǒng)文化中消解、延滯現(xiàn)代化進程的因素,并促使其積極轉(zhuǎn)向,再一次推動國家治理水平的提升和治理能力的提高。
[Abstract]:The general words of our country's traditional thought of national governance are "external Confucianism and internal law combined with Taoism", "yang Confucianism and yin law" or "the combination of king and hegemony", that is, the Confucian "king's way" thought of national governance. As the inner core of Chinese culture, Confucianism, law and Taoism have not only deeply shaped the national personality of the Chinese nation. In politics, culture and psychology, the Chinese nation has a deep and distant influence; Moreover, it constructs the ideological framework of traditional national governance. The Confucian "royal way" governance thought is based on the human nature theory of "social man", and advocates ethical politics: the integration of individual, home and country. Emphasis is placed on obtaining "benevolence" through personal self-cultivation, and then resorting to enlightenment and ethical influence. Through "the way of loyalty and forgiveness", it is called "benevolent government", the expression of which is "rule of propriety"; Its emphasis on the "inside and outside the king" way, through "character, to know, sincerity, heart, self-cultivation, family." On the basis of the human nature theory of "utilitarian man", the Legalist "hegemonic" national governance thought advocated the strong politics: the monarch, the minister, and the people strive for profit. Each other is a strong enemy, only through power and power can produce the order of the upper and lower, the status of inferiority; Therefore, its emphasis is to govern the country by means of "power", "law" and "art". The Taoist "Heaven Tao" is based on the human nature theory of "natural person". To maintain the natural and simple nature of the people, to make people enjoy themselves, to deconstruct the suppression of external forces, and to obey nature; It emphasizes that through the governance means of "doing nothing but doing nothing", it has reached the state of governance of "small country with no people". Confucianism, law and Taoism have been formed since the pre-Qin period. In more than 2,000 years of monarchical state practice, continuous integration and enrichment, promoting the deepening of the thought of national governance. In the process of promoting the modernization of national governance level: on the one hand, we should actively play the role of traditional culture to stabilize the culture; On the other hand, we should also pay attention to the factors of dissolving and delaying the process of modernization in the traditional culture, and urge them to turn positively to promote the improvement of the level of national governance and the improvement of governance ability once again.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D092;D630

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