【摘要】：1368年,元順帝北遁,朱元璋繼元而立“大明”,開啟了明王朝兩百多年的封建統(tǒng)治。洪武二年,明軍即出師西征,逐步攻克了故元殘余勢力所據(jù)守的西北大部分地區(qū),并將其納入明王朝的統(tǒng)治之下。洪武三年五月,鄧愈攻克河州,故元陜西行省吐蕃宣慰使鎖南普等及鎮(zhèn)西武靖王卜納剌以吐蕃諸部來降,標志著甘南藏區(qū)納入明王朝版圖的開始。隨著岷、洮地區(qū)“番酋日至”,明王朝正式將甘南藏區(qū)收于治下。甘南藏區(qū)地處明王朝西北邊地,可謂是連接中原、西北地區(qū)、藏區(qū)的三角地帶,也是明王朝“備虜”、“防番”的前沿陣地,戰(zhàn)略地位十分重要。為實現(xiàn)對甘南藏區(qū)的有效治理,自河州歸附不久,明王朝即開始在河州地區(qū)設衛(wèi),以加強對其地的管控。隨著明軍西征任務的完成和明王朝在甘南藏區(qū)統(tǒng)治的確立、穩(wěn)定,明王朝隨即效仿明王朝在中原和其他民族地區(qū)實行的制度開始在甘南藏區(qū)進行適應性的制度建設,主要有土司制度、衛(wèi)所制度、僧綱制度、金牌信符制度。以上制度雖不是甘南藏區(qū)獨行的特殊制度,但明王朝無不結合甘南藏區(qū)客觀、具體的民情、社情對各項制度進行了整改、變通,使其適應了甘南藏區(qū)的特殊情況,并有別于其他地區(qū)而具有了一定的地區(qū)特色。通過上述的制度建設,明王朝逐漸將甘南藏區(qū)納入到自己有效的管轄范圍內(nèi),在一定程度上鞏固了明王朝的西北邊防,促進了甘南藏區(qū)的社會發(fā)展,同時也為明王朝與包括青海、西藏在內(nèi)的廣大藏區(qū)聯(lián)系的加強打下了堅實的基礎。
[Abstract]:In 1368, Emperor Yuan Shun Dun, Zhu Yuanzhang succeeded Yuan Dynasty and established "Daming", which opened the feudal rule of the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years. In Hongwu's two years, the Ming army began the western expedition and gradually conquered most of the northwest where the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty remained, and brought it under the rule of the Ming Dynasty. Hongwu three years in May, Deng Yu conquered Hezhou, so the Yuan Dynasty Shaanxi Province Tubo consolation so that lock Nanpu and the town of Xiwu Jing Wang Bona to the Tubo Department to drop, marking the beginning of the Gannan Tibetan area into the Ming Dynasty territory. With Minmin, Taohe area "Chiefa to", the Ming Dynasty will officially Gannan Tibetan area under the rule. Gannan Tibetan area is located in the northwest border of Ming Dynasty. It can be said that it is the triangle of Central Plains, Northwest region and Tibetan area. It is also the front position of Ming Dynasty's "captivity" and "anti-fan", and its strategic position is very important. In order to realize the effective management of Gannan Tibetan area, the Ming Dynasty began to set up guards in Hezhou area to strengthen the control of its land shortly after it was attached to Hezhou. With the completion of the western expedition of the Ming Army and the establishment and stability of the Ming Dynasty's rule in Gannan Tibetan area, the Ming Dynasty began to build an adaptive system in the Central Plains and other ethnic minority areas, following the example of the Ming Dynasty in the Central Plains and other ethnic minority areas. There are mainly Tusi system, health system, monk system, gold letter system. Although the above-mentioned system is not a special system in Gannan Tibetan area alone, but the Ming Dynasty combined with the objective and specific public conditions of Gannan Tibetan area, the social conditions of the various systems have been reformed and adapted to adapt to the special situation in Gannan Tibetan area. And different from other regions and has a certain regional characteristics. Through the above-mentioned system construction, the Ming Dynasty gradually brought Gannan Tibetan area into its effective jurisdiction, to a certain extent, consolidated the northwest frontier of the Ming Dynasty and promoted the social development of the Gannan Tibetan area. At the same time, it also laid a solid foundation for strengthening the ties between the Ming Dynasty and the Tibetan areas, including Qinghai and Tibet.
【學位授予單位】：北方民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K248

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