【摘要】：不論是哪一種社會形態(tài),刑罰的本質都是國家對違反現(xiàn)行刑法的犯罪行為的一種懲罰機制,目的是從根本上維護統(tǒng)治階級的利益,維護社會秩序。不同歷史時期的刑罰內容,反映了當時的社會觀念和思想變遷。本文以秦漢勞役刑刑罰為研究對象,對秦漢勞役刑刑徒指代、刑徒生活以及社會地位進行考證和分析,力求厘清秦漢勞役刑的發(fā)展演變軌跡,主要內容如下:第一章,關于秦漢五種勞役刑的研究。出土簡牘結合傳世文獻的記載,通過對城旦舂、鬼薪白粲、隸臣妾、司寇以及候刑的分析,得出如下結論:城旦舂刑為秦漢勞役刑中等級最高的刑罰,應用于危害較大的刑事犯罪,并且不僅僅只是男犯為城旦,女犯為舂,二者可以交叉服役。鬼薪白粲與城旦舂應當是同一等級的刑罰,并不是只適用于貴族或減輕其處罰的律文。隸臣妾作為重刑犯與輕刑犯的過渡刑罰,在刑罰體系中起到了緩沖作用。司寇和候作為輕刑刑名,適用于比較輕微的犯罪。判處司寇和候刑的犯人服役內容為伺察敵情,監(jiān)督重刑犯服役。從宏觀上分析秦漢勞役刑刑名和適用范圍,以捋清秦漢勞役刑的發(fā)展脈絡。第二章,關于秦漢勞役刑刑期研究。分析研究簡牘文獻資料,吸收前哲今賢的觀點,提出自己對于勞役刑刑期的看法。秦代勞役刑刑期以無期刑為主流,但是出于量刑合理和平衡刑罰體系的需要,也出現(xiàn)了“系城旦舂六歲”的有期刑,可以說秦代產生了有期刑的萌芽。在漢文帝刑制改革后,勞役刑刑期變?yōu)榱擞衅谛?刑罰標準由勞役刑服刑內容的輕重變?yōu)榱朔虝r間的長短。第三章,對與勞役刑刑名搭配的“髡、耐、完”刑的分析研究。這三種刑名根據(jù)本意來說,“髡、耐”是基本不存在爭議的,但是“完”刑出現(xiàn)后,三者之間的關系就陷入混亂中。以往,學者大多只是從法律學角度來解釋刑名,往往不能準確把握當時的含義。本文把這三種刑名放到不同的階段進行解讀,結合當時的時代背景,本文認為,“完”刑在秦至文帝改制前與“髡”刑或者“耐”刑相當,文帝改制后,“完”刑可以解釋為完好無損的意思,這與今日的含義接近�？傮w來說,秦漢勞役刑刑罰體系呈現(xiàn)出由繁到簡的趨勢,法律條文也趨于人性化、文明化。秦漢時代是古代刑罰建立、發(fā)展的重要時期,對秦漢時代勞役刑的分析研究,有助于厘清刑罰的發(fā)展演變軌跡,深入了解秦漢國家控制和社會發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:No matter what kind of social form, the essence of penalty is a punishment mechanism of the state for the criminal act of violating the current criminal law. The purpose is to fundamentally safeguard the interests of the ruling class and maintain the social order. The content of penalty in different historical periods reflects the change of social concept and thought at that time. This paper takes the penalty of servitude in Qin and Han dynasties as the research object, and makes textual research and analysis on the reference, life and social status of the penalty of servitude in the Qin and Han dynasties, and tries to clarify the development and evolution of the penalty of servitude in the Qin and Han dynasties. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter, The study of five kinds of servitude in Qin and Han dynasties. The unearthed bamboo slips combined with the records of the handed down literature, through the analysis of the city of Dan Chung, the ghost of Bai charm, the concubine of the scribe, the Si Kou and the waiting punishment, draw the following conclusion: the Cheng Dan Chung sentence is the highest grade penalty of the Qin and Han dynasties in the penalty of servitude. They can be used in criminal offences with great harm, and not only for men and women, but also for cross-service. Ghost pay white charm and city Chung should be the same level of punishment, is not only applicable to the aristocrat or mitigated their punishment. As the transitional penalty of heavy punishment and light punishment, concubinage played a buffer role in the penalty system. As the name of light punishment, Scot and Hou are applicable to relatively minor crimes. The serving content of the prisoners sentenced to crime is to observe the enemy's situation and supervise the service of the felons. This paper analyzes the name and scope of labor penalty in Qin and Han dynasties from the macro point of view, in order to smooth out the development of labor penalty in Qin and Han dynasties. The second chapter, about Qin and Han Dynasty labor sentence research. This paper analyzes and studies the literature of the Chien slips, absorbs the views of former philosophers and scholars, and puts forward their own views on the sentence of hard labour. Life penalty is the mainstream of the sentence of servitude in Qin Dynasty. However, due to the need of reasonable sentencing and balanced penalty system, there is also a fixed penalty of "six years old in the city", which can be said to have sprouted in the Qin Dynasty. After the reform of the penalty system of Emperor Wen in Han Dynasty, the sentence of hard labour was changed into the term of imprisonment, and the penalty standard changed from the content of serving the sentence of hard labour to the length of the sentence. Chapter three, the analysis and research of Kun, Nai, Wan with the title of hard labor. Kun Nai is not controversial, but the relationship between them is in confusion after the appearance of the punishment. In the past, scholars used to explain criminal names from the perspective of law, often unable to accurately grasp the meaning of the time. This article interprets these three kinds of punishment names at different stages, combined with the background of the times at that time, this article thinks that the "finish" punishment was equivalent to "Kun" or "endure" punishment before Qin Dynasty to Wen Emperor's reform, and after Wen Emperor reformed the system, it was the same as the punishment of "Kun" or "endure" punishment. "finish" punishment can be interpreted as the meaning of intact, which is similar to the meaning of today. Generally speaking, the penalty system of the Qin and Han dynasties showed a trend from complexity to simplicity, and the legal provisions tended to be humanized and civilized. The period of Qin and Han dynasties is an important period for the establishment and development of ancient penalty. The analysis and study of the penalty of servitude in the period of Qin and Han dynasties is helpful to clarify the evolution of the criminal penalty and to understand the state control and social development of the Qin and Han dynasties.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K232

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本文編號：2412378