秦漢時期嶺南移民問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-20 14:24
【摘要】： 秦漢是嶺南地區(qū)政治經濟發(fā)展的開拓期,在整個嶺南發(fā)展史上占據著重要的地位。而這一時期它的蓬勃發(fā)展與中原移民的南下有著直接的關系。移民的到來,不僅給嶺南帶來了先進的生產工具和生產技術,補充了嶺南勞動力的不足,更重要的是通過文化傳播的作用,促進了制度進步和人們精神面貌和觀念形態(tài)的轉變,加速了嶺南文明的進程。 移民能夠來到嶺南并迅速與當地居民融合一起,是由多種原因決定的。首先就是嶺南的地理、氣候等自然條件適宜農業(yè)生產,而且當地也有著原始農業(yè)的經驗和基礎,這就為能夠養(yǎng)活更多的人口提供了前提。因此來到嶺南的中原移民才能夠安家落戶,才能與當地居民迅速融合。同時,五嶺交通線路的開辟和整治也為移民的到來提供了方便條件,溝通了嶺南與內地的聯系,奠定了其后歷代嶺南與北方交通的基礎。因此,交通條件對秦漢時期的嶺南移民所起到的積極作用和影響是不容忽視的。 秦代是嶺南移民的開端,它是伴隨著對嶺南地區(qū)的軍事占領和征服來進行的。因此秦代嶺南移民的特點是以軍事性和政治性為主.第一批來到這里的移民是由“戍卒”、因罪遷徙的“有罪吏”、“嘗逋亡人”和“商人”、“贅婿”等“賤民”,再加上被強制遷移過來的“平民”等所組成。這些移民有著不同的背景,因此他們對嶺南各方面的發(fā)展起著不同程度的影響。由于交通、地理等多方面的原因,決定了秦朝移民在嶺南的分布,主要集中在珠江三角洲以及東江、北江、桂江沿岸的河谷平原和連接中原的交通線上。 漢代的移民與秦代不同,秦代是“鑿空”,漢代是在秦代移民的基礎上繼續(xù)的。它沒有出現像秦代那樣大規(guī)模的移民,而是以零星的方式逐漸進入。由于漢代延續(xù)時間長達四百年,積累起來的移民數量并不少,這從“兩漢書”中的戶口統(tǒng)計數字上可以看出。移民的類型也呈現出多樣性:有實邊戍守之人、政治流放者、避亂流寓者、仕宦任職者還有自發(fā)前來的商賈等,為嶺南地區(qū)的整體開發(fā)提供了多方面的人才準備。由于兩漢時期嶺南地區(qū)社會相對穩(wěn)定,因此中原移民大批南遷,使得嶺南地區(qū)的人口數量有了較大的增長,但移民的分布區(qū)域并不是均勻的,而是從北向南逐漸遞減,這也符合一般移民的規(guī)律。 秦漢時期中原移民的到來,除了達到統(tǒng)治者固邊安疆、穩(wěn)定統(tǒng)治秩序等政治目的外,客觀上還對嶺南的農業(yè)、手工業(yè)、商業(yè)、風俗習慣、興辦教育、制度建設等方面都產生了重要影響。經過秦漢時期的移民,這里的民族融合達到了新的高度,至隋唐時嶺南的加速發(fā)展已成為不可逆轉的歷史潮流。
[Abstract]:Qin and Han dynasties are the pioneering period of political and economic development in Lingnan area, and occupy an important position in the whole history of Lingnan development. Its vigorous development during this period has a direct relationship with the southward migration of the Central Plains. The arrival of immigrants not only brought advanced production tools and production techniques to Lingnan, but also supplemented the shortage of Lingnan's labor force. More importantly, it promoted the progress of the system and the change of people's mental outlook and ideology through the role of cultural transmission. The process of Lingnan civilization was accelerated. Immigration to Lingnan and rapid integration with local residents is determined by a variety of reasons. The first is the geography climate and other natural conditions of Lingnan suitable for agricultural production and the local experience and foundation of primitive agriculture which provides a prerequisite for the ability to feed more people. Therefore, the Central Plains immigrants to Lingnan can settle down and integrate rapidly with local residents. At the same time, the opening and renovation of Wuling traffic line also provided convenient conditions for the arrival of immigrants, linked the link between Lingnan and the interior, and laid the foundation for the traffic between the south and the north of the five ridges in later dynasties. Therefore, the positive effect of traffic conditions on the Lingnan immigrants in Qin and Han dynasties can not be ignored. Qin Dynasty was the beginning of Lingnan emigration, which was accompanied by the military occupation and conquest of Lingnan region. Therefore, the characteristics of Lingnan immigrants in Qin Dynasty are mainly military and political. The first settlers were made up of "garrison soldiers", "guilty officials" who had migrated because of their crimes, "Tu Bu's dead" and "merchants", "redundant son-in-law" and other "untouchables", plus "civilians" who had been forcibly relocated. These immigrants have different backgrounds, so they have a different degree of influence on the development of various aspects of Lingnan. Due to traffic, geography and many other reasons, the distribution of Qin immigrants in Lingnan was mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, Dongjiang River, Beijiang River, the valley plain along the coast of Guijiang River and the traffic line connecting the Central Plains. The Han Dynasty is different from the Qin Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty is "chiseling", the Han Dynasty is on the basis of the Qin Dynasty immigrants. It did not appear as large-scale immigration as the Qin Dynasty, but gradually in a sporadic manner. As the Han Dynasty lasted as long as 400 years, the accumulation of immigrants is not small, this can be seen from the "two Hanshu" statistics of hukou. The types of immigrants also showed diversity: the people with solid border garrison, political exiles, those who avoid chaos, the incumbents of official officials and the businessmen who came spontaneously, provided various talents preparation for the overall development of Lingnan region. Due to the relatively stable society in the Lingnan region during the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains emigrated to the south in large numbers, which made the population of the Lingnan region increase greatly. However, the distribution of the immigrants was not even, but gradually decreased from north to south. This also accords with the law of general immigration. The arrival of the Central Plains immigrants during the Qin and Han dynasties, in addition to achieving the political aims of the rulers in securing the border and stabilizing the ruling order, objectively provided education to the agriculture, handicraft industry, commerce, customs and habits of the south of the five ridges. System construction and other aspects have had an important impact. Through the immigration of Qin and Han dynasties, the ethnic integration here reached a new height, and the accelerated development of Lingnan in the Sui and Tang dynasties has become an irreversible historical trend.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K232
本文編號：2388124
[Abstract]:Qin and Han dynasties are the pioneering period of political and economic development in Lingnan area, and occupy an important position in the whole history of Lingnan development. Its vigorous development during this period has a direct relationship with the southward migration of the Central Plains. The arrival of immigrants not only brought advanced production tools and production techniques to Lingnan, but also supplemented the shortage of Lingnan's labor force. More importantly, it promoted the progress of the system and the change of people's mental outlook and ideology through the role of cultural transmission. The process of Lingnan civilization was accelerated. Immigration to Lingnan and rapid integration with local residents is determined by a variety of reasons. The first is the geography climate and other natural conditions of Lingnan suitable for agricultural production and the local experience and foundation of primitive agriculture which provides a prerequisite for the ability to feed more people. Therefore, the Central Plains immigrants to Lingnan can settle down and integrate rapidly with local residents. At the same time, the opening and renovation of Wuling traffic line also provided convenient conditions for the arrival of immigrants, linked the link between Lingnan and the interior, and laid the foundation for the traffic between the south and the north of the five ridges in later dynasties. Therefore, the positive effect of traffic conditions on the Lingnan immigrants in Qin and Han dynasties can not be ignored. Qin Dynasty was the beginning of Lingnan emigration, which was accompanied by the military occupation and conquest of Lingnan region. Therefore, the characteristics of Lingnan immigrants in Qin Dynasty are mainly military and political. The first settlers were made up of "garrison soldiers", "guilty officials" who had migrated because of their crimes, "Tu Bu's dead" and "merchants", "redundant son-in-law" and other "untouchables", plus "civilians" who had been forcibly relocated. These immigrants have different backgrounds, so they have a different degree of influence on the development of various aspects of Lingnan. Due to traffic, geography and many other reasons, the distribution of Qin immigrants in Lingnan was mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, Dongjiang River, Beijiang River, the valley plain along the coast of Guijiang River and the traffic line connecting the Central Plains. The Han Dynasty is different from the Qin Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty is "chiseling", the Han Dynasty is on the basis of the Qin Dynasty immigrants. It did not appear as large-scale immigration as the Qin Dynasty, but gradually in a sporadic manner. As the Han Dynasty lasted as long as 400 years, the accumulation of immigrants is not small, this can be seen from the "two Hanshu" statistics of hukou. The types of immigrants also showed diversity: the people with solid border garrison, political exiles, those who avoid chaos, the incumbents of official officials and the businessmen who came spontaneously, provided various talents preparation for the overall development of Lingnan region. Due to the relatively stable society in the Lingnan region during the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains emigrated to the south in large numbers, which made the population of the Lingnan region increase greatly. However, the distribution of the immigrants was not even, but gradually decreased from north to south. This also accords with the law of general immigration. The arrival of the Central Plains immigrants during the Qin and Han dynasties, in addition to achieving the political aims of the rulers in securing the border and stabilizing the ruling order, objectively provided education to the agriculture, handicraft industry, commerce, customs and habits of the south of the five ridges. System construction and other aspects have had an important impact. Through the immigration of Qin and Han dynasties, the ethnic integration here reached a new height, and the accelerated development of Lingnan in the Sui and Tang dynasties has become an irreversible historical trend.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K232
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