【摘要】：公元528年四月,北魏契胡爾朱榮進(jìn)入洛陽,將胡靈太后和幼主元釗拘送河陰并沉于黃河,并在河陰殺戮北魏王公兩千余人,這就是“河陰之變”。河陰之變的發(fā)生絕非偶然,這是北魏發(fā)展過程中矛盾的最終爆發(fā)；北魏之滅亡也非偶然,而是北魏矛盾調(diào)和失敗后爆發(fā)的結(jié)果。這矛盾的源頭可以追溯到北魏建國之初,因?yàn)樾⑽牡鄣母母锼z留的弊端：文武分途、重文輕武,后代統(tǒng)治者不堪大用導(dǎo)致矛盾的最終爆發(fā)。河陰之變后,北魏實(shí)亡而名未亡。爾朱榮崛起在六鎮(zhèn)兵變之中,他作為契胡部落的首領(lǐng),之所以能在六鎮(zhèn)兵變中擁有強(qiáng)大的武力,掌控北魏政權(quán),除了他杰出的政治軍事才能之外,還和北魏末年洛陽政局的動(dòng)蕩有關(guān)。爾朱榮軍事能力卓越,但是在政治手段卻遠(yuǎn)不及那些洛陽權(quán)貴,在河陰之變中,洛陽士族,一朝戮盡,爾朱榮實(shí)際上是充當(dāng)了洛陽權(quán)貴爭(zhēng)權(quán)奪利的工具。爾朱氏集團(tuán)的終結(jié)有著爾朱榮及其后代自身能力的缺失,也和外界的客觀條件有著不可割裂的聯(lián)系：爾朱榮入洛后,洛陽地區(qū)民族矛盾錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,爾朱榮集團(tuán)內(nèi)部分裂勢(shì)力抬頭。爾朱榮集團(tuán)作為軍事集團(tuán),保留著濃重的鮮卑部落聯(lián)盟的遺風(fēng)。在進(jìn)入洛陽后,面對(duì)政治的渙散和集團(tuán)內(nèi)部錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的矛盾,爾朱榮并沒有實(shí)施行之有效的政策來處理當(dāng)時(shí)亟待解決的矛盾即六鎮(zhèn)兵士和契胡部落和北魏世家大族之間的矛盾,而是采取暴力威懾的方式,使得洛陽權(quán)貴和爾朱榮集團(tuán)離心背德,這就造成了爾朱榮集團(tuán)的最終滅亡。又,爾朱榮死后,爾朱氏家族內(nèi)部各自為政,消耗了爾朱榮集團(tuán)的勢(shì)力,也促使?fàn)栔鞓s集團(tuán)走向滅亡。
[Abstract]:In April, 528 AD, Qihuerjurong of the Northern Wei Dynasty entered Luoyang and detained Queen Mother Hu Ling and her young master, Yuan Zhao, to send the river overcast and sink in the Yellow River, and killed more than two thousand people of the Northern Wei Dynasty Duke in the river yin, which was the "change of the river yin." The change of river yin is no accident, which is the final outbreak of contradictions in the development of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty is not accidental, but the result of the conflict and failure of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The source of this contradiction can be traced back to the beginning of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, because of the shortcomings left by the reform of Emperor Xiaowen: the separation of culture and arms, the emphasis on literature and the neglect of force, and the failure of the rulers of future generations to lead to the final outbreak of contradictions. After the change of river yin, the Northern Wei Dynasty died and the name survived. Er Zhu Rong rose up in the mutiny of six towns. As the leader of the Chihu tribe, he was able to hold the Northern Wei regime by strong force in the mutiny of the six towns, in addition to his outstanding political and military abilities. It was also related to the political turmoil in Luoyang in the late period of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Er Zhurong's military capability was outstanding, but the political means were far less than those of Luoyang. In the change of river yin, the Luoyang Shi clan was destroyed once, and Erjuong actually acted as the tool for Luoyang's power and power struggle. The end of Erzhu Group has the deficiency of Erjurong and its descendants' own ability, and also has the inextricable connection with the external objective conditions: after er Zhu Rong's entry into Luo, the ethnic contradictions in Luoyang area are complicated, The splittist forces within the Erzhourong Group have risen. As a military group, Erjuong Group retains a strong legacy of Xianbei Tribal Alliance. After entering Luoyang, faced with the slackness of politics and the intricate contradictions within the group, er Zhurong did not implement effective policies to deal with the contradictions that needed to be solved at that time, that is, the contradictions between the soldiers of the six towns and the Chihu tribe and the great families of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Instead, violence was used to deter the power of Luoyang and Erzurong, which led to the eventual demise of the group. Also, after the death of Erjuong, the family of Erzhu had their own affairs, which consumed the power of Erjuong Group, and also led to the demise of Erjuong Group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K239.21

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