【摘要】：儒學(xué)是中國文化的主流，從其產(chǎn)生之日起，就在中國歷史上形成了不容忽視的影響，從戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期“百花齊放、百家爭(zhēng)鳴”中的一支，到漢武帝的“罷黜百家、獨(dú)尊儒術(shù)”，再到魏晉時(shí)期的“越名教而任自然”和隋唐時(shí)期的三教鼎力，以及宋明時(shí)期的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。 雖然儒學(xué)發(fā)展的道路比較曲折，但依然是學(xué)界的主流，是大多數(shù)統(tǒng)治者選擇的治國方針。宋明時(shí)期，儒學(xué)繼續(xù)發(fā)展，以注重“理”和“心”的研究為特征，稱為宋明理學(xué)。宋明理學(xué)的代表人物有宋初三先生、北宋五子、朱熹、陸九淵、王陽明等，各自的發(fā)展都有自己的來源和特點(diǎn)，本文主要研究在新儒學(xué)興起的大背景下，陸九淵思想的來源，即陸九 淵對(duì)孟子思想的傳承與發(fā)展。陸九淵是宋代著名的思想家，是心學(xué)的開創(chuàng)者，其思想方面的成績(jī)卓越，貢獻(xiàn)巨大。學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)陸九淵的研究很多，但是對(duì)于他的政治思想，尤其是對(duì)他與孟子思想的傳承與發(fā)展方面的研究成果相對(duì)較少。對(duì)于陸九淵的學(xué)術(shù)淵源，目前學(xué)術(shù)界還有爭(zhēng)議：有學(xué)者認(rèn)為陸九淵思想來源于以二程為首的伊洛之學(xué)，這是學(xué)術(shù)界的一般看法，還有學(xué)者認(rèn)為陸學(xué)來源于禪學(xué)，甚至直接說“陸學(xué)即禪學(xué)”，這是元明以來最普遍的觀點(diǎn)，還有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，陸九淵的思想來源于孟子，是對(duì)孟子思想的繼承和發(fā)展。陸九淵本人也持此說。我們認(rèn)為， 陸九淵的思想確實(shí)是受孟子的影響，由孟子思想發(fā)展而來。陸九淵在孟子思想的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了“心即理”、“宇宙即是吾心，吾心即是宇宙”等著名心學(xué)理論，而這些論斷的核心則是“本心”。學(xué)者們都認(rèn)為陸九淵是以“本心”為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建了自己整個(gè)的心學(xué)理論體系。我們不能否認(rèn)的是，陸九淵的心學(xué)，是在對(duì)孟子心性論進(jìn)行吸收的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，而他的“民為邦本”的政治思想、以及天人合一的理想人格 思想也是攝取了孟子的民本思想和“大丈夫”的理想人格思想。本文基于探索陸九淵與孟子思想的關(guān)系，從整個(gè)儒學(xué)發(fā)展的歷程，，試圖理清孟子與陸九淵的思想傳承，以肯定陸九淵對(duì)孟子的的繼承與發(fā)展，進(jìn)而繼續(xù)了解陸九淵的思想特征，以便深層次的理解陸九淵思想的內(nèi)涵與意義，更加全面深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)陸九淵思想，同時(shí)也更加肯定孟子思想及儒家思想的強(qiáng)大影響力。
[Abstract]:Confucianism is the mainstream of Chinese culture. Since its emergence, Confucianism has formed an influence in Chinese history that can not be ignored. From one of the "hundred flowers blossom, a hundred schools of thought contending" in the warring States period, to the Han Wu Emperor's "ousting 100 schools of thought and respecting Confucianism", Then to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the further development of Song Ming. Although the development of Confucianism has a tortuous path, it is still the mainstream of academic circles and the governing policy chosen by most rulers. During Song Ming's period, Confucianism continued to develop, characterized by a focus on "reason" and "heart". The representative figures of Song Ming's Neo-Confucianism are Mr. third of Song Dynasty, five sons of Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Jiuyuan and so on. Each of them has its own source and characteristics of development. This paper mainly studies the origin of #china_person thought under the background of the rise of Neo-Confucianism. Namely Lu Jiuyuan to Mencius thought inheritance and development. Lu Jiuyuan is a famous thinker in Song Dynasty and the pioneer of the study of mind. There are a lot of studies on Lu Jiuyuan in academic circles, but there are few researches on his political thoughts, especially on the inheritance and development of his and Mencius thoughts. As for Lu Jiuyuan's academic origins, there are still controversies in the academic world: some scholars believe that the thought of Lu Jiuyuan originated from the Yiluo school headed by Ercheng, which is the general view of the academic community, and some scholars believe that the land science comes from Zen. It is the most common view since the Yuan and Ming dynasties that Lu Jiuyuan's thought originates from Mencius and inherits and develops Mencius' thought. Lu Jiuyuan himself holds this view. We believe that Lu Jiuyuan's thought was really influenced by Mencius and developed from Mencius' thought. On the basis of Mencius' thought, Lu Jiuyuan put forward the theory of "mind is reason", "the universe is my heart, my heart is the universe" and so on. The scholars think that Lu Jiuyuan constructed his whole theory system of psychology on the basis of "original mind". What we cannot deny is that Lu Jiuyuan's psychology was formed on the basis of the absorption of Mencius' theory of mind and nature, and his political thought that "the people are the foundation of the state" And the ideal personality thought of the unity of man and nature is also an ingestion of Mencius' people-oriented thought and the ideal personality thought of "great husband". Based on the exploration of the relationship between Lu Jiuyuan and Mencius, and from the whole development of Confucianism, this paper tries to clarify the inheritance of Mencius and Lu Jiuyuan, so as to affirm the inheritance and development of Mencius by Lu Jiuyuan, and then to continue to understand the ideological characteristics of Lu Jiuyuan. In order to deeply understand the connotation and significance of Lu Jiuyuan's thoughts, and to understand Lu Jiuyuan's thought more comprehensively and profoundly, and to affirm the powerful influence of Mencius' thought and Confucian thought at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：B244.8;K244

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本文編號(hào)：2284068