【摘要】：鐵是世界上重要的金屬之一,鐵的應(yīng)用標(biāo)志著人類文明發(fā)展到一個新的高度。恩格斯曾經(jīng)在《家庭、私有制和國家起源》中指出“鐵已在為人類服務(wù),它是在歷史上起過革命作用的各種原料中最后的和最重要的一種原料”。鐵是人類生產(chǎn)生活的重要原料,關(guān)系著國計民生。中國古代對鐵的認識和運用都是處在世界的領(lǐng)先水平,到了清朝鐵業(yè)有了很大的發(fā)展。我國鐵礦儲量豐富,礦產(chǎn)分布在全國各地,其中廣東佛山的鐵業(yè)最為發(fā)達。清前期由于政治經(jīng)濟的原因,出現(xiàn)了“禁”與“弛”搖擺必定的礦業(yè)政策,“禁”中有“弛”,“弛”中有“禁”。不管鐵業(yè)政策如何改變,清政府都是要對鐵業(yè)進行嚴(yán)格的管理和控制,這在一定程度上限制了鐵業(yè)的發(fā)展和進一步提高。清前期在礦業(yè)勘探方面比前代有所提高,但是在冶鐵關(guān)鍵技術(shù)方面,如在燃料、冶鐵爐構(gòu)造方面毫無創(chuàng)新,與前代的技術(shù)水平相當(dāng),沒有進一步的提高,但是在鐵廠規(guī)模和產(chǎn)鐵量方面已經(jīng)超過明代。在清朝的嚴(yán)格控制下,商品經(jīng)濟雖然有所發(fā)展,但是沒有產(chǎn)生資本主義萌芽。 本文主要分以下部分對清前期的鐵業(yè)做一個相關(guān)的論述。 引言部分主要概括了本文的研究內(nèi)容和研究現(xiàn)狀,并對相關(guān)文獻做了一個研究綜述。 第一部分論述了清前期的鐵業(yè)分布。 第二部分論述了清前期的鐵業(yè)政策。 第三部分論述了清前期對鐵的開采和冶煉。 第四部分論述了清前期鐵業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 第五部分是結(jié)論,主要是對本文的一些總結(jié)
[Abstract]:Iron is one of the most important metals in the world. The application of iron marks the development of human civilization to a new height. Engels once pointed out in Family, Private ownership and the Origin of the State that "Iron has served mankind, and it is the last and most important of the various raw materials that have played a revolutionary role in history". Iron is an important raw material for human production and life, which is related to the national economy and people's livelihood. The understanding and application of iron in ancient China were in the leading level in the world, and the iron industry developed greatly in Qing Dynasty. China is rich in iron ore reserves and minerals are distributed all over the country, among which Foshan iron industry in Guangdong is the most developed. In the early Qing Dynasty, due to political and economic reasons, there appeared a certain mining policy of "ban" and "relaxation", in which there were "relaxation" and "relaxation". No matter how the iron industry policy changes, the Qing government must carry on the strict management and the control to the iron industry, which has restricted the iron industry development and the further enhancement to a certain extent. In the early Qing Dynasty, the mining exploration was improved, but in the key technologies of iron smelting, such as fuel and furnace structure, there was no innovation, which was comparable to the previous generation and had no further improvement. But in the iron plant size and iron production has exceeded the Ming Dynasty. Under the strict control of the Qing Dynasty, although the commodity economy developed somewhat, it did not produce the germination of capitalism. This article is divided into the following parts of the early Qing iron industry to do a related discussion. The introduction mainly summarizes the research content and the present situation of this paper, and makes a research summary to the related literature. The first part discusses the distribution of iron industry in the early Qing Dynasty. The second part discusses the iron industry policy in the early Qing Dynasty. The third part discusses the iron mining and smelting in the early Qing Dynasty. The fourth part discusses the development of iron industry in the early Qing Dynasty. The fifth part is the conclusion, mainly the summary of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K249

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