清代中期徽州山林保護(hù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 19:46
【摘要】：隨著歷史車輪的滾滾向前,人與山林之間的關(guān)系也處于不斷的變化之中,到了清代中期的徽州,山禿林毀、人地矛盾突出等現(xiàn)象比比皆是。對(duì)山區(qū)徽州而言,山林資源不僅寄托了徽州人溯本追源,敬宗崇祖的情懷,更是徽州人賴以生存的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。能否保護(hù)好徽州的山林資源關(guān)系到徽州社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定與和諧,因此徽州社會(huì)以明文規(guī)條的形式將保護(hù)山林的規(guī)約刊刻于家譜、碑刻、官府告示及契約文書之中,以淺顯易懂的文字展示于世人,以獎(jiǎng)罰結(jié)合的形式約束和規(guī)范人們的山林行為,正確引導(dǎo)人們的山林活動(dòng),強(qiáng)化人們的護(hù)林意識(shí)。本文在利用前人研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,通過(guò)大量的地方志、家譜、碑刻、官府告示以及契約文書等資料,從清代中期徽州山林急需保護(hù)的原因,宗族、官府等力量的干預(yù)以及山林保護(hù)活動(dòng)實(shí)行的主要影響因素及其所引起的社會(huì)效應(yīng)等方面入手,對(duì)這一時(shí)期徽州山林保護(hù)制度進(jìn)行了探討。具體地說(shuō),本文緒論部分對(duì)選題的目的和意義、學(xué)術(shù)史回顧、研究方法和思路作了介紹。本文主要用三章的篇幅來(lái)闡述徽州山林保護(hù),第一章主要通過(guò)對(duì)歷代徽州人均山、田占有量的發(fā)展變化,清代中期徽州的棚民問(wèn)題,林業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)以及社會(huì)糾紛與沖突等方面的研究來(lái)論述清代中期徽州山林保護(hù)的重要性與迫切性。第二章著重分析了清代中期徽州山林保護(hù)的具體手段。主要以族規(guī)家法、碑刻、合同以及官府告示等史料來(lái)分析宗族、官府以及社會(huì)團(tuán)體等力量對(duì)徽州林木資源的具體保護(hù)。首先重點(diǎn)解決族規(guī)家法作為宗族社會(huì)的活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則,具有約束和規(guī)范宗族成員行為的作用,為什么徽州還會(huì)出現(xiàn)盜砍盜伐、亂砍亂伐等破壞山林的現(xiàn)象的問(wèn)題;其次從碑刻、合同中挖掘其對(duì)徽州林木保護(hù)的具體規(guī)定;最后強(qiáng)調(diào)官府與民間在護(hù)林方面的互動(dòng),闡述了官府干預(yù)林木保護(hù)的嚴(yán)肅性和權(quán)威性。將官府與宗族在林木保護(hù)方面的不同措施進(jìn)行了比較,歸納出官府干預(yù)林木保護(hù)的原因。第三章論述了清代中期護(hù)林活動(dòng)實(shí)行的影響因素及社會(huì)效應(yīng)。在這一章第一部分主要論述護(hù)林活動(dòng)實(shí)行的影響因素,闡述了官府、宗族、自然環(huán)境、徽州獨(dú)特的人文信仰和習(xí)俗以及經(jīng)濟(jì)因素成為徽州護(hù)林活動(dòng)實(shí)行的主要因素。第二部分重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)護(hù)林活動(dòng)引起的社會(huì)效應(yīng),它不僅提高了徽州人保護(hù)山林的意識(shí),而且凝聚了徽州人心,增強(qiáng)了徽州人宗族文化認(rèn)同感和徽州地域歸屬感,使得徽州社會(huì)更加團(tuán)結(jié),更加穩(wěn)定、和諧。最后一部分為全文總結(jié),強(qiáng)調(diào)徽州社會(huì)山林保護(hù)活動(dòng)是徽州社會(huì)祖祖輩輩集體智慧的結(jié)晶,是他們?cè)趯?shí)踐中不斷積累,在積累中不斷實(shí)踐,如此循環(huán)往復(fù)中不斷更新與完善,從而對(duì)清代中期徽州林木的保護(hù)起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of history, the relationship between man and forest is in constant change. In Huizhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty, the forest is destroyed and the contradiction between man and land is prominent. For Huizhou mountain area, the mountain forest resources not only trace back the origin of Huizhou people, respect the feelings of ancestor, but also the material basis of Huizhou people's survival. Whether or not to protect the mountain forest resources of Huizhou is related to the stability and harmony of Huizhou society. Therefore, in the form of express rules and regulations, the regulations for protecting mountain forests are engraved in genealogical trees, inscriptions, official notices and contract documents. It can be displayed in the world in plain and easy to understand, restrict and standardize people's mountain forest behavior in the form of combination of rewards and punishments, guide people's mountain forest activities correctly, and strengthen people's consciousness of forest protection. On the basis of previous studies, through a large number of local chronicles, genealogy, inscriptions, official notices and contract documents, this article from the mid-Qing Dynasty Huizhou Mountain Forest urgent protection reasons, clan, The intervention of government and other forces, the main influencing factors of mountain forest protection and the social effect caused by it are discussed in Huizhou mountain forest protection system in this period. Specifically, the introduction of this paper introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, academic history review, research methods and ideas. This article mainly uses three chapters to expound the Huizhou mountain forest protection, the first chapter mainly through the past dynasties Huizhou per capita mountain, the farmland possession quantity development change, in the middle period of the Qing Dynasty Huizhou shed the people question, This paper discusses the importance and urgency of Huizhou mountain forest protection in the middle period of Qing Dynasty through the study of forestry economy and social disputes and conflicts. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of Huizhou mountain forest protection in the middle of Qing Dynasty. This paper mainly analyzes the protection of Huizhou forest resources by clan, government and social organizations with historical materials such as clan rules, inscriptions, contracts and official notices. First of all, we should focus on solving the problem of "clan family law" as the activity criterion of clan society, which has the function of restricting and standardizing the behavior of clan members. Why did Huizhou still appear the phenomenon of destroying mountain forest, such as theft, illegal cutting and so on; secondly, from the inscription of stone inscriptions, Finally, it emphasizes the interaction between government and folk in forest protection, and expounds the seriousness and authority of government intervention in forest protection. This paper compares different measures of forest protection between the government and the clans, and concludes the reasons why the government interferes with the forest protection. The third chapter discusses the influence factors and social effects of forest protection activities in the middle period of Qing Dynasty. The first part of this chapter mainly discusses the influence factors of forest protection activities, and expounds that the government, clan, natural environment, the unique humanistic beliefs and customs of Huizhou as well as economic factors become the main factors of Huizhou forest protection activities. The second part emphasizes the social effect caused by forest protection activities, which not only improves the consciousness of Huizhou people to protect mountain forests, but also condenses the people of Huizhou, strengthens the sense of cultural identity of Huizhou people and the sense of belonging in Huizhou region. Make Huizhou society more United, more stable, harmonious. The last part is a summary of the whole paper, emphasizing that Huizhou social mountain and forest protection activities are the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the ancestral generations of Huizhou society, and they are constantly accumulating in practice and practicing constantly in accumulation, so that they are constantly renewed and perfected in the course of cycle. Thus the protection of Huizhou trees in the middle of Qing Dynasty played a vital role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F326.29;K249
本文編號(hào)：2192651
[Abstract]:With the development of history, the relationship between man and forest is in constant change. In Huizhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty, the forest is destroyed and the contradiction between man and land is prominent. For Huizhou mountain area, the mountain forest resources not only trace back the origin of Huizhou people, respect the feelings of ancestor, but also the material basis of Huizhou people's survival. Whether or not to protect the mountain forest resources of Huizhou is related to the stability and harmony of Huizhou society. Therefore, in the form of express rules and regulations, the regulations for protecting mountain forests are engraved in genealogical trees, inscriptions, official notices and contract documents. It can be displayed in the world in plain and easy to understand, restrict and standardize people's mountain forest behavior in the form of combination of rewards and punishments, guide people's mountain forest activities correctly, and strengthen people's consciousness of forest protection. On the basis of previous studies, through a large number of local chronicles, genealogy, inscriptions, official notices and contract documents, this article from the mid-Qing Dynasty Huizhou Mountain Forest urgent protection reasons, clan, The intervention of government and other forces, the main influencing factors of mountain forest protection and the social effect caused by it are discussed in Huizhou mountain forest protection system in this period. Specifically, the introduction of this paper introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, academic history review, research methods and ideas. This article mainly uses three chapters to expound the Huizhou mountain forest protection, the first chapter mainly through the past dynasties Huizhou per capita mountain, the farmland possession quantity development change, in the middle period of the Qing Dynasty Huizhou shed the people question, This paper discusses the importance and urgency of Huizhou mountain forest protection in the middle period of Qing Dynasty through the study of forestry economy and social disputes and conflicts. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of Huizhou mountain forest protection in the middle of Qing Dynasty. This paper mainly analyzes the protection of Huizhou forest resources by clan, government and social organizations with historical materials such as clan rules, inscriptions, contracts and official notices. First of all, we should focus on solving the problem of "clan family law" as the activity criterion of clan society, which has the function of restricting and standardizing the behavior of clan members. Why did Huizhou still appear the phenomenon of destroying mountain forest, such as theft, illegal cutting and so on; secondly, from the inscription of stone inscriptions, Finally, it emphasizes the interaction between government and folk in forest protection, and expounds the seriousness and authority of government intervention in forest protection. This paper compares different measures of forest protection between the government and the clans, and concludes the reasons why the government interferes with the forest protection. The third chapter discusses the influence factors and social effects of forest protection activities in the middle period of Qing Dynasty. The first part of this chapter mainly discusses the influence factors of forest protection activities, and expounds that the government, clan, natural environment, the unique humanistic beliefs and customs of Huizhou as well as economic factors become the main factors of Huizhou forest protection activities. The second part emphasizes the social effect caused by forest protection activities, which not only improves the consciousness of Huizhou people to protect mountain forests, but also condenses the people of Huizhou, strengthens the sense of cultural identity of Huizhou people and the sense of belonging in Huizhou region. Make Huizhou society more United, more stable, harmonious. The last part is a summary of the whole paper, emphasizing that Huizhou social mountain and forest protection activities are the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the ancestral generations of Huizhou society, and they are constantly accumulating in practice and practicing constantly in accumulation, so that they are constantly renewed and perfected in the course of cycle. Thus the protection of Huizhou trees in the middle of Qing Dynasty played a vital role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F326.29;K249
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