【摘要】：妝奩是中國女性的陪嫁資產(chǎn),由于女性沒有直接家庭財產(chǎn)繼承權,因此妝奩就成為了她們能夠獨立掌握的主要財產(chǎn)。明代是中國古代歷史上一個重要的轉型期,它繼承了前代的婚俗文化,同時也在此基礎之上形成新的文化風氣。在明代不同女性所處的社會階層與出身不同,導致他們的妝奩來源、種類各不相同。女性自身社會角色轉變,對于妝奩的所有與使用情況也是不同的,這就很大程度上影響了她們?nèi)松煌A段的生活狀態(tài)與活動氛圍。女性在出嫁獲得妝奩之后,對于妝奩的支配范圍,涉及支持家庭日常生活、支持丈夫的事業(yè)、供養(yǎng)公婆、留給子孫以及資助宗族親屬,甚至涉及女性投資經(jīng)商和資助慈善等社會活動。妝奩的厚薄,既能影響女性的擇偶標準,也會影響明代已婚女性的家庭地位。隨著明代商品經(jīng)濟風繁榮發(fā)展,婚姻論財觀念的興起,人們在婚禮中愈加重視妝奩,陪送的房臥等生活用品愈加豐富。明代女性對妝奩的所有權與使用權也隨著歷史發(fā)展有了變化,女性依托妝奩可以涉足更多的生活領域,比如說從事商業(yè)活動與慈善活動。隨著明代經(jīng)濟、文化、風俗的發(fā)展,明代女性支配妝奩進行消費的途徑與范圍也愈加廣泛,很大程度上擴大了明代女性的活動范圍,從“內(nèi)事”到“外事”,女性的生活空間逐漸擴大。到了明代中后期,隨著奢靡之風興起,厚奩風氣普遍在社會彌漫開來,也引發(fā)諸多社會問題,人們重嫁好奢會引起家庭成員對奩產(chǎn)的爭奪,尤其是促使“溺女”問題愈加嚴重。對此,上層統(tǒng)治者和民間有識之士都認識到了溺女問題的嚴重性,紛紛采取了相應的辦法去扭轉這種社會風氣。雖然當時社會已經(jīng)認識到,厚奩并不值得提倡,但終究沒有抵制明代厚奩風氣的發(fā)展,這種婚姻習俗觀念一直持續(xù)到清代。
[Abstract]:Dowry is the dowry property of Chinese women. Because women do not have direct inheritance right to family property, the dowry becomes the main property that they can control independently. The Ming Dynasty was an important transition period in ancient Chinese history. It inherited the marriage custom culture of the previous generation and formed a new cultural atmosphere on the basis of it. In Ming Dynasty, different women lived in different social class and origin, which resulted in different kinds of dowry. The transformation of women's own social roles is different for the use and all of the dowry boxes, which to a great extent affects their life state and activity atmosphere at different stages of their lives. After a woman marries and receives a dowry, her scope of domination over the dowry involves supporting the daily life of the family, supporting her husband's career, supporting her parents-in-law, leaving it to her descendants and supporting her family members. It even involves women investing in business and supporting social activities such as philanthropy. The thickness of the dowry can not only affect the criteria of female mate selection, but also affect the family status of the married women in Ming Dynasty. With the prosperous development of commodity economy in Ming Dynasty and the rise of the concept of marriage and finance, people pay more attention to the dowry, accompanied by the bedroom and other daily necessities. The ownership and use right of women in the Ming Dynasty also changed with the development of history. Women can step into more fields of life, such as commercial activities and charitable activities. With the development of economy, culture and custom in Ming Dynasty, the way and scope of women's controlling dowry in Ming Dynasty were more and more extensive. To a great extent, the scope of activities of women in Ming Dynasty was enlarged, from "internal affairs" to "foreign affairs". Women's living space is gradually expanding. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, with the rise of extravagance, the trend of thick marriage dowry spread widely in the society, which also caused a lot of social problems. People's remarried luxury would cause the family members to compete for the dowry property, especially the problem of "drowning girl". In response, the upper rulers and the people with insight realized the seriousness of the problem of female drowning, and took corresponding measures to reverse the social atmosphere. Although the society had already realized that the thick dowry was not worth advocating, it did not resist the development of the rich marriage style in the Ming Dynasty, and the concept of marriage custom lasted until the Qing Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K248;K892.22

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本文編號：2192617