本文選題：明朝 + 明英宗��； 參考：《西南民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)筵,是中國古代一種歷史悠久形式復(fù)雜的制度,自宋代確立后沿襲元、明,清三代。明代的經(jīng)筵制度確立于明英宗正統(tǒng)元年(1436年),結(jié)束于明思宗崇禎十七年(1644年)。明代經(jīng)筵在經(jīng)筵制度史中處于承上啟下的位置,在繼承了宋代與元代經(jīng)筵制度的一些特征外,又適時地增添了一些新的元素,使經(jīng)筵制度更加的豐富和完善。明朝第六位皇帝明英宗朱祁鎮(zhèn)(1427年-1464年)九歲繼位,急需固定的教育制度,于是正統(tǒng)元年(1436年)二月,經(jīng)筵制度確立。經(jīng)筵舉行的地點定于文華殿,舉行時間上雖定于一個月三次,逢二舉行,但實際上并沒有按時舉行。參與經(jīng)筵的官員很多,也在不斷調(diào)整。經(jīng)筵制度還有著較為繁瑣的禮儀�？v觀明代經(jīng)筵的發(fā)展歷程,明英宗時期屬于調(diào)整期與磨合期,每一位參與者都在努力適應(yīng)這項制度。完備的經(jīng)筵禮制,盡職的知、同知經(jīng)筵官,出色的經(jīng)筵講官以及每一位侍儀大臣都是這個時期經(jīng)筵制度不可或缺又推動經(jīng)筵在明代發(fā)展的重要因素和組成部分。經(jīng)筵制度內(nèi)涵豐富、影響深遠。這個時期的經(jīng)筵制度呈現(xiàn)出教育性、儀式性與特殊的君臣關(guān)系三個特征。嚴苛的儀式和眾多的參與人員彰顯了經(jīng)筵大典場面的宏大,以儒家經(jīng)典為教材的經(jīng)筵進講折射了明代的政治生活形態(tài),亦師亦友的君臣關(guān)系約束了皇權(quán)的膨脹,也提升了文臣的政治地位�？偟膩碚f,明英宗時期的經(jīng)筵制度不單指帝王教育制度,更是維系君臣關(guān)系的政治制度與禮制。經(jīng)筵制度與皇帝關(guān)系緊密,所以它對皇帝、皇權(quán)、皇朝或多或少起到一定的平衡和制約作用。經(jīng)筵制度自明英宗時期確立,旋即影響整個明朝。經(jīng)筵制度下儒臣所表達的治國觀點、經(jīng)筵講章中體現(xiàn)的政治理念、講讀過程所形成的師生關(guān)系,對整個明朝的宮廷政治結(jié)構(gòu)、政治走向產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。明朝滅亡后,清朝也繼承了經(jīng)筵制度直到清朝滅亡。
[Abstract]:It was a complex system of ancient Chinese history in ancient times. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the yuan, Ming and Qing three dynasties were established in the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty's banquet system was established in the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1436) and ended in the seventeen years (1644) of the Ming Zong Chong Zhen. The Ming Dynasty Jingyan was in the link of the history of the banquet system, and inherited the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the characteristics of the banquet system, some new elements were added in time to enrich and improve the banquet system. The sixth emperor of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Qi Town, nine years of age in Ming Dynasty (-1464 1427), was in urgent need of a fixed educational system. So the Yuan Dynasty (1436), in February, was established by the banquet system. The hall of Yu Wenhua was set at the place of banquet. Although it was scheduled to be three times a month and it was held in two, it was not held in time. Many officials involved in the banquet were also constantly adjusted. The banquet system has more tedious etiquette. The complete banquet ceremony, the knowledge of the full duty, the same knowledge of the banquet officials, the excellent banquet officials and each of the waite ministers are the important factors and components that are indispensable to the development of the Ming Dynasty in this period. The feast of banquet is rich and far-reaching. The special relationship between the monarch and the courtiers has three characteristics. The harsh ritual and the numerous participants highlight the grand ceremony of the feast, reflecting the political life of the Ming Dynasty by the Confucian classics as the teaching material, and the relationship between the teachers and the members of the teachers and officials, which constrain the expansion of the imperial power and the political status of the Wen Chen. The period of the banquet system not only refers to the imperial education system, but also the political system and ritual system to maintain the relationship between the emperor and the emperor. The banquet system is closely related to the emperor, so it has a certain balance and restriction to the emperor, the imperial power and the imperial dynasty. The banquet system was established from the Ming Dynasty and influenced the Ming Dynasty. The political idea embodied in the banquet chapter and the relationship between teachers and students in the reading process had a profound influence on the political structure and political trend of the Ming Dynasty. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty also inherited the banquet system until the Qing Dynasty died.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K248

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