發(fā)布時間：2018-07-03 04:08

  本文選題：賈誼 + 安國思想　； 參考：《青海師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：賈誼的治國思想是在秦亡漢興的歷史背景下提出來的,其宗旨是為了安國惠民。 賈誼的思想主要受到了儒家思想的影響,同時也兼采了法家思想、道家思想。他把這些思想派別提出的一些合理內(nèi)容融合在一起并加以改進,形成了思想體系。賈誼看到了漢朝在統(tǒng)一后社會發(fā)展發(fā)生了細微的變化,提出了自己對社會情況的看法,這些看法是符合當(dāng)時社會發(fā)展需要的。 賈誼提出了安國的思想。他認為禮有等級之分,這種等級的差別是通過禮的外在表現(xiàn)——容體現(xiàn)出來的。禮的補充是法,是用于“已然之后”的。賈誼認為禮、法二者是相輔相成的,都是維護社會穩(wěn)定,國家統(tǒng)一的重要手段。 賈誼把秦朝滅亡的一個原因歸結(jié)為秦二世的無知,他只注重嚴刑峻法,沒有重視教育。他認為對太子的培養(yǎng)關(guān)乎以后國家命運的興衰,對國家的發(fā)展有重要意義。 為了加強中央集權(quán),賈誼建議統(tǒng)治者對諸侯國采取“眾建諸侯而少其力”的措施,削弱其勢力；對匈奴采取“三表”、“五餌”的政策,削弱對漢王朝的威脅,達到使他們歸附漢朝的目的。在經(jīng)濟上,賈誼反對私人鑄銅幣,把鑄幣權(quán)收歸中央,抑制貨防止幣種類泛濫。他認為積貯是把握國家生死存亡的命脈,統(tǒng)治者應(yīng)該重視儲備糧食。 關(guān)于惠民思想,賈誼對人民的看法與前人相比有一定的進步性。他認為統(tǒng)治者不但要愛民,還要利民、惠民。人民從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),讓農(nóng)民有田地可以耕種是利民、惠民的最好辦法。 綜上所知,賈誼作為一位有遠見的政治思想家,認識到了漢初社會的發(fā)展和變化,為達到安國惠民的目的,他闡述了自己的思想主張。盡管他的思想主張中的部分內(nèi)容沒有在他所處的那個時代變?yōu)榻y(tǒng)治者的施政措施,但是他的思想主張被后來的統(tǒng)治者采納,變?yōu)閲艺哳C布推行,對以后漢代社會的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重大作用,乃至在中國政治思想史上都占有舉足輕重的地位,很值得后人繼續(xù)深入研究。
[Abstract]:Jia Yi's thought of governing the country was put forward under the historical background of Qin Dynasty's death and Han Xing, and its purpose was to benefit the people. Jia Yi's thought was mainly influenced by Confucianism, but also adopted the thought of Legalism and Taoism. He fuses and improves some of the reasonable contents put forward by these schools of thought and forms an ideological system. Jia Yi saw the slight changes in the social development after the unification of the Han Dynasty, and put forward his own views on the social situation, which were in line with the needs of the social development at that time. Jia Yi put forward the idea of a state of peace. He believes that there is a hierarchy of rites, and the difference in rank is reflected by the outward manifestation of ritual-tolerance. The complement of propriety is the law, which is used in the "after already". Jia Yi believed that both law and propriety complement each other and are important means to maintain social stability and national unity. Jia Yi attributed the death of Qin Dynasty to the ignorance of Qin II. He believes that the cultivation of the prince is related to the rise and fall of the country's destiny, and is of great significance to the development of the country. In order to strengthen the centralization of power, Jia Yi suggested that the rulers should take the measures of "building princes but less power" to weaken their influence, and adopt the policy of "three tables" and "five baits" to weaken the threat to the Han Dynasty. In order to make them attached to the Han Dynasty. In economic terms, Jia Yi opposed private copper coins, relegated coin rights to the central government, and restrained the spread of coins. He believed that storage was the lifeblood of the state, and the ruler should attach importance to the reserve of grain. As for the thought of benefiting the people, Jia Yi's views on the people are more progressive than those of his predecessors. He believed that rulers should not only love the people, but also benefit and benefit the people. It is the best way for the people to engage in agricultural production and allow farmers to farm their land. To sum up, Jia Yi, as a visionary political thinker, realized the development and change of the society in the early Han Dynasty. Although some of his ideas did not become the administrative measures of the rulers in his time, his ideas were adopted by later rulers and translated into the promulgation and implementation of state policies. It played an important role in the stable development of the society in the Han Dynasty, and even played an important role in the history of Chinese political thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K234.1

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