本文選題：《周禮》 + 養(yǎng)老制度�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：先秦時(shí)期作為中國文明的肇始期,是眾多禮儀風(fēng)俗、政治制度的產(chǎn)生期。作為中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德和政治制度的重要組成部分,養(yǎng)老制度受到歷代學(xué)者和統(tǒng)治者的重視,時(shí)至今日仍是國家和社會關(guān)注的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。因養(yǎng)老在社會和政治生活中的演變深受當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境的影響,故對養(yǎng)老相關(guān)問題的探討,既可加深對中國養(yǎng)老制度源流的認(rèn)識,又可促進(jìn)先秦養(yǎng)老制度原貌的探究,具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值�！吨芏Y》作為先秦時(shí)期的重要典籍之一,其內(nèi)容包含較多先秦時(shí)期養(yǎng)老制度的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。鑒于《周禮》一書的史料價(jià)值在學(xué)界始終存在疑義,在試圖對其所載養(yǎng)老制度的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行論述的同時(shí),與其他先秦典籍文獻(xiàn)、傳世與出土文本進(jìn)行比較與多重互證。此外,本文還借用現(xiàn)代社會學(xué)中的福利學(xué)與慈善學(xué)的相關(guān)概念和理論,對《周禮》中涉及的養(yǎng)老制度進(jìn)行分析,希翼更為深切的了解《周禮》中養(yǎng)老的相關(guān)概念及對象、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、類別內(nèi)容以及所反映的特點(diǎn)。本文分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分為緒論,對養(yǎng)老制度及其相關(guān)內(nèi)容的學(xué)術(shù)史進(jìn)行梳理,并界定《周禮》中養(yǎng)老的相關(guān)概念。第二部分介紹《周禮》中養(yǎng)老的組織體系和養(yǎng)老對象�！吨芏Y》中王作為國家最高統(tǒng)治者,將養(yǎng)老制度劃分為中央和地方兩個(gè)組織體系。中央養(yǎng)老組織體系,大宰制定養(yǎng)老之總綱,于政治上尊養(yǎng)貴族老者,于社會上敬養(yǎng)平民老者。在此原則下由大司徒及其聯(lián)官制定具體的養(yǎng)老措施。地方養(yǎng)老組織體系,分為鄉(xiāng)、遂兩個(gè)基層組織系統(tǒng),于禮儀活動(dòng)和政策措施兩個(gè)方面落實(shí)中央所制定的一系列養(yǎng)老措施。養(yǎng)老的對象則包括國老、庶老和死政之老三大類。第三部分介紹了《周禮》中養(yǎng)老制度的內(nèi)容。本文將《周禮》中的養(yǎng)老制度分為基礎(chǔ)性養(yǎng)老、輔助性養(yǎng)老、優(yōu)撫性養(yǎng)老和刑罰養(yǎng)老四個(gè)部分。基礎(chǔ)性養(yǎng)老主要從飲食、賦役等方面滿足老人的基本要求。輔助性養(yǎng)老則是基礎(chǔ)性養(yǎng)老的補(bǔ)充措施,保障生活困難和遭遇災(zāi)害的老人的基本要求。優(yōu)撫性養(yǎng)老則是在基本生存要求滿足的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步提升老人地位和生活水準(zhǔn),主要針對于貴族老人。刑罰養(yǎng)老則通過對犯罪老者之赦免和懲處侮老行為來維護(hù)老人的權(quán)益。第四部分歸納總結(jié)《周禮》中養(yǎng)老的主要特點(diǎn)�！吨芏Y》中的養(yǎng)老制度以國家養(yǎng)老為主,民間養(yǎng)老為輔,內(nèi)容形式多樣系統(tǒng),體現(xiàn)王權(quán)至上的原則,具有兩周時(shí)期的一個(gè)過渡性的特征。總之,《周禮》中的養(yǎng)老制度已經(jīng)形成了較為完整系統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老體系,亦可與先秦其他典籍互相印證。其既體現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)社會養(yǎng)老制度的一個(gè)流變過程,亦具有自己的制度特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:As the beginning of Chinese civilization, the pre-Qin period was the emergence of many etiquette and customs and political system. As an important part of the traditional virtues and political system of the Chinese nation, the old-age pension system has been attached importance to by scholars and rulers of the past dynasties, and it is still an important content of the state and society to this day. Because the evolution of the aged in the social and political life was deeply influenced by the environment at that time, the discussion on the problems related to the aged can not only deepen the understanding of the origin of the pension system in China, but also promote the exploration of the original appearance of the pension system in the pre-Qin period. Zhou Li, as one of the most important books in the pre-Qin period, contains more relevant contents of the pension system in the pre-Qin period. In view of the historical value of the book "Zhou Li" has always been in doubt in academic circles, while trying to discuss the related contents of the pension system contained in it, it is compared with other pre-Qin literature, handed down and unearthed texts. In addition, this paper also uses the relevant concepts and theories of welfare and philanthropy in modern sociology to analyze the pension system involved in Zhou Li, hoping to better understand the related concepts and objects of pension in Zhou Li. Organization, category content and features reflected. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction, combing the academic history of the pension system and its related contents, and defining the related concepts of pension in Zhou Li. The second part introduces the organization system and the object of supporting the aged in Zhou Li. As the supreme ruler of the country, the king divides the pension system into two organizational systems: central and local. The central old-age organization system, Dazai formulated the general outline of the aged, in political respect for the aristocratic elderly, in the community to support the common elderly. Under this principle, by the Da Si and his associates to formulate specific pension measures. The local old-age organization system is divided into two basic organizational systems: township and village, and implements a series of old-age care measures formulated by the central government in the aspects of etiquette activities and policy measures. The objects of the aged include the old, the old and the old. The third part introduces the content of pension system in Zhou Li. In this paper, the pension system in Zhou Li is divided into four parts: basic old-age, auxiliary old-age, caressing old-age and penalty old-age. Basic old-age support mainly from the diet, servitude and other aspects to meet the basic requirements of the elderly. Supplementary old-age support is a supplementary measure for basic old-age support, which guarantees the basic requirements of the elderly who are in difficulty in life and suffering from disasters. On the basis of satisfying the basic survival requirements, the caressing old-age pension is to further improve the status and living standard of the elderly, mainly aimed at the aristocratic elderly. Punishment for the aged protects the rights and interests of the elderly through pardon and punishment of the criminals. The fourth part summarizes the main characteristics of old-age support in Zhou Li. The pension system in Zhou Li is mainly based on the national old-age support, supplemented by the folk old-age support, and the content of various systems reflects the principle of Wang Quan supremacy. A transitional feature of a two-week period. In short, the pension system in Zhou Li has formed a relatively complete system, which can also be verified with other ancient books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty. It not only embodies a changing process of social pension system at that time, but also has its own institutional characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K224.06

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本文編號：1913061