本文選題：明代　切入點：云貴地區(qū)　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：改流復(fù)土,是指古代專制中央王朝對實施土官制或羈縻制的少數(shù)民族地區(qū)在改派流官后(或原來的土官制廢除后該地暫由中央控制),旋又恢復(fù)由民族土酋世襲治理的一種特殊的社會現(xiàn)象。 為了能迅速控制西南少數(shù)民族地區(qū)和統(tǒng)一全國,明初踵元故事在西南少數(shù)民族地區(qū)推行土司制度。但是,由于土司本身固有的割據(jù)性,并不適應(yīng)統(tǒng)一多民族國家發(fā)展的需要,故而明朝統(tǒng)治者在統(tǒng)治穩(wěn)固后,逐步采取措施,在西南少數(shù)民族地區(qū)推行改土歸流政策。然而由于時機不成熟,加上明朝自身統(tǒng)治力量有限,在伴隨著明朝進行改土歸流的同時,也出現(xiàn)了改流復(fù)土的現(xiàn)象。改流復(fù)土雖然不是歷史發(fā)展的主流,但也從另一個角度反映了明王朝在邊疆少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的施政狀況和治理邊疆的效果。 本文以明代(1368年——1640年)云貴地區(qū)的改流復(fù)土現(xiàn)象作為研究專題,筆者在查閱大量史料的基礎(chǔ)上,對明代云貴地區(qū)復(fù)土土司的數(shù)據(jù)進行了較詳細地統(tǒng)計分析,認為明代云貴地區(qū)改流復(fù)土的出現(xiàn)并不是個別、偶然的現(xiàn)象,而是具有相當(dāng)?shù)钠毡樾浴＞科湓?從明中央角度來說,無論是改土歸流還是改流復(fù)土,均出于維護明朝在云貴地區(qū)統(tǒng)治的穩(wěn)定和全國統(tǒng)一這一根本目的；而從地方的角度來說,主要是當(dāng)時云貴地區(qū)社會發(fā)展還不具備大規(guī)模改土歸流的成熟條件,云貴地區(qū)的土司和少數(shù)民族對明朝的改土歸流不能認同和接受。盡管明代云貴地區(qū)改流復(fù)土現(xiàn)象只是歷史進程中的反復(fù),但卻具有深遠的歷史意義和影響,那就是為清朝及以后的政府進行大規(guī)模地、徹底地改土歸流提供借鑒,積累了經(jīng)驗；同時也為我們今天在少數(shù)民族地區(qū)開張工作提供經(jīng)驗和借鑒。
[Abstract]:Change the flow to cover the soil,It is a kind of special social phenomenon that the ancient autocratic central dynasty controlled the minority areas that implemented the local official system or Jimi system (or after the abolition of the original official system) by the central government, and then returned to the hereditary government of the minority nationality.In order to control the southwest minority areas quickly and unify the whole country, the Tusi system was carried out in the southwest minority areas in the early Ming Dynasty.However, due to the inherent separatism of the Tusi itself, it did not meet the needs of the development of a unified multi-ethnic country, so the rulers of the Ming Dynasty gradually took measures to carry out the policy of reforming the land and returning to flow in the southwest minority areas after the rule was firm.However, due to the immaturity of the time and the limited power of the Ming Dynasty itself, with the Ming Dynasty changing the land and returning to the flow, there also appeared the phenomenon of changing the flow and returning the soil.Although it is not the mainstream of historical development, it also reflects the administrative status of the Ming Dynasty in the frontier minority areas and the effect of the governance of the frontier areas from another angle.In this paper, the phenomenon of reflow and soil restoration in Yungui area in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1640) is taken as the research topic. On the basis of consulting a large amount of historical data, the author makes a detailed statistical analysis on the data of the clay restoration in the Yungui area of the Ming Dynasty.It is considered that the appearance of changing flow and soil in Yungui area in Ming Dynasty is not an isolated or accidental phenomenon, but is quite universal.From the point of view of the central government of the Ming Dynasty, the fundamental purpose of maintaining the stability and national unity of the Ming Dynasty in the Yungui region was to maintain the stability and national unity of the Ming Dynasty, both from the local point of view, and from the local point of view.At that time, the social development of Yungui area did not have the mature conditions of large-scale land conversion and return flow, and the TuSi and minority nationalities in Yungui area could not accept and accept the change of land and return flow in the Ming Dynasty.Although the phenomenon of changing flow and reclaiming soil in Yungui area in Ming Dynasty is only repeated in the historical process, it has far-reaching historical significance and influence, which is to provide reference and accumulate experience for the Qing Dynasty and its subsequent governments to carry out large-scale and thorough reform of soil and return flow.At the same time, it also provides experience and reference for our opening work in ethnic minority areas today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K248

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李世愉;試論清雍正朝改土歸流的原因和目的[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1984年03期

2 陳子舜;我國歷代王朝開發(fā)和治理邊疆的方略措施[J];改革與戰(zhàn)略;1998年04期

3 韓蕾蕾;;顧氏移民宗族與明代貴州開發(fā)和民族融合[J];貴州教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué));2006年06期

4 龔蔭;元明清王朝土司制及其歷史作用與流弊[J];貴州民族學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);1993年04期

5 程昭鑫;貴州土司制度與改土歸流[J];貴州民族研究;1989年04期

6 楊炳X;土司制度在云南的最后消亡[J];貴州民族研究;1994年02期

7 溫春來;中央王朝的開拓與少數(shù)民族地方政權(quán)承襲制度的演變——對明代貴州水西彝族宗法制的再思考[J];貴州民族研究;2004年03期

8 張永國;;關(guān)于土司制度研究中幾個問題[J];貴州文史叢刊;1986年04期

9 田玉隆;;土司制與羈縻制、土官與流官的關(guān)系和區(qū)別[J];貴州大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);1988年03期

10 吳永章;明代貴州土司制度[J];貴州社會科學(xué);1983年06期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 于秀情;明朝經(jīng)營百夷研究[D];中央民族大學(xué);2003年

2 藍武;元明時期廣西土司制度研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王強;明代西南地區(qū)改土歸流研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：1724263