本文選題：謁者　切入點(diǎn)：漢唐　出處：《魯東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以傳世文獻(xiàn)為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合漢簡、封泥、印章等考古材料，并在充分吸收己有學(xué)術(shù)成果的基礎(chǔ)上，對漢唐時期謁者官制發(fā)展演變的整個過程作了系統(tǒng)、全面的研究，并進(jìn)而分析了其演變更替之原因。文章認(rèn)為，謁者官制創(chuàng)設(shè)于春秋戰(zhàn)國時期，歷秦而來，至兩漢時，其職官體系逐漸完備。兩漢謁者多是從郎或孝廉中選拔；主要掌賓贊受事之任，并兼領(lǐng)宿衛(wèi)之責(zé)及奉詔臨時差遣等，也可以加官的身份參與朝政，典掌機(jī)要；兩漢謁者先后文屬于郎中令和光祿勛，而實際上是以其下屬的左、右中郎將直接統(tǒng)領(lǐng)，直到東漢由謁者臺專領(lǐng)；謁者因接近權(quán)力中心，遷轉(zhuǎn)道路較為順暢，除了正常的遷轉(zhuǎn)外，還有許多因皇帝賞識其才干而不次升遷的。魏晉南北朝時期，謁者官制的一個重要的變化在于：魏晉南北朝之時則無論正常遷轉(zhuǎn)還是不次升遷的情況都甚為鮮見，說明謁者升遷的空間大為縮減，并逐步遠(yuǎn)離了權(quán)力中樞；與此同時，則出現(xiàn)了與謁者的職能相關(guān)的中書通事舍人一職。迨至唐朝，中書通事舍人始分化并固定為中書舍人和通事舍人二官，謁者的承旨宣傳的職任為中書舍人所承擔(dān)，，謁者的朝見引納之任為通事舍人所取代。至此，謁者的職任為中書舍人、通事舍人所分割，謁者一職設(shè)于太常寺，且其與以前歷代謁者的性質(zhì)、隸屬、職任等都已大不相同，可以說，傳統(tǒng)意義上的謁者官制到此實際上已退出歷史舞臺。至于謁者官制之所以發(fā)生這樣的變化，主要與魏晉南北朝時期皇權(quán)的衰落和隋唐時期皇權(quán)強(qiáng)大時采取以別的官員代替了其職能有關(guān)。同時，文章還對爭議頗多的中謁者一職的發(fā)展沿革進(jìn)行了梳理和考證，指出中謁者的重要變型期應(yīng)發(fā)生在東漢中、后期；經(jīng)魏晉南北朝隋唐，中謁者終于與后宮屬官中的謁者合為內(nèi)謁者。
[Abstract]:Based on the historical documents, combined with the archaeological materials such as Han bamboo slips, mud seals, seals and other archaeological materials, and on the basis of fully absorbing the academic achievements, this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive study on the whole process of the development and evolution of the official system of the audience in the Han and Tang dynasties.And then analyzes the reason of its evolution and replacement.The article holds that the official system of audience was founded in the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period and came from Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty.Most of the audience in the Han Dynasty were selected from Lang or Hsiao-lien; the main people in charge of the Han Dynasty were selected from Lang or Hsiao-lien; they were mainly in charge of their duties, and they were also assigned the responsibility of receiving and receiving temporary orders from the imperial court. They could also take part in the government as officials and take charge of the machine. The audience in the Han Dynasty was successively written by Lang Zhongling and Guangluxun.In fact, the left and right of his subordinates will be directly in charge until the Eastern Han Dynasty is dominated by an audience from Taiwan; because he is close to the power center, the road to the transition is relatively smooth, except for the normal transfer.There are many who are not promoted because of the emperors' appreciation of their talents.During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, one of the important changes of the official system of audience lies in: when the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, whether the normal or non-promotion of the situation is very rare, indicating that the audience greatly reduced the space for promotion, and gradually away from the power center;At the same time, there is a related to the role of the audience of the Sheriff.Until the Tang Dynasty, the scholar of the book was divided and fixed as the second official of the scholar and the official of the scholar. The post of the scholar was assumed by the scholar, and the appointment of the audience was replaced by the scholar.At this point, the office of the audience is divided by the scholar in the middle of the book, and the post of the audience is located in the Taichang Temple, and it is quite different from the nature, membership, post, etc of the previous audience, so it can be said,In the traditional sense, the official system of audience has actually withdrawn from the stage of history.As for the change of the official system of audience, it is mainly related to the decline of imperial power in Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties and the adoption of other officials to replace its functions when imperial power was strong in Sui and Tang dynasties.At the same time, the article also reviews the development and evolution of the controversial Chinese audience, and points out that the important transformation period of the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty should occur in the Sui and Tang dynasties of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties,At last, the audience was joined with those who were attached to the imperial palace.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K234;K242

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本文編號：1717998