清政府引導(dǎo)朝鮮開港策略研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-09 08:10
【摘要】： 本文以清政府引導(dǎo)朝鮮開港的整個(gè)進(jìn)程為研究對象,集中論述了清政府、李鴻章在促成《朝美修好通商條約》的簽訂過程中的活動和所起的作用。十九世紀(jì)七、八十年代,日本、俄國加緊了對朝鮮的侵略和滲透活動。作為朝鮮的宗主國,清政府對朝鮮所奉行的傳統(tǒng)“不治”政策已難以適應(yīng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展。因此,北洋大臣李鴻章建議將西方列強(qiáng)的勢力引入朝鮮,以遏制日、俄的侵略,從而達(dá)到“以夷制夷”的目的。在征得清政府的同意下,李鴻章開啟了與朝鮮太師李裕元的“熱線聯(lián)系”,勸導(dǎo)朝鮮與列強(qiáng)立約通商。然而,朝鮮方面拒絕了李鴻章的建議,仍堅(jiān)持閉關(guān)鎖國的政策。隨著國際形勢的變化,朝鮮國王高宗李熙在世界近代化潮流的的驅(qū)使下和《朝鮮策略》的影響下決議開港。然而,高宗此舉遭朝鮮國內(nèi)保守勢力的反對,開港阻力極大。在這種情況下,高宗只好向清政府求援,并多次派代表赴華與李鴻章商議開港事宜,李鴻章則在開港的具體問題上給予切實(shí)的指導(dǎo)。1882年,李鴻章以中國與列強(qiáng)簽定的條約為借鑒同美使薛斐爾進(jìn)行預(yù)備性談判,并盡力為朝鮮爭取權(quán)益,最終促使《朝美修好通商條約》的簽訂和朝鮮全面開港。雖然清政府的這種引導(dǎo)行為在很大程度上侵害了朝鮮的外交主權(quán),但同時(shí)也有利于朝鮮打破封閉落后的局面,推進(jìn)了朝鮮近代化的進(jìn)程。 論文由緒論、本論和結(jié)語三部分組成。緒論主要介紹了本課題的來源、選題的依據(jù)以及選題的目的和意義。同時(shí),本部分還對晚清中朝關(guān)系方面的學(xué)術(shù)史進(jìn)行簡要回顧,并對研究動態(tài)進(jìn)行簡要闡述。 本論由三章組成。 第一章主要分析開港前朝鮮國內(nèi)外形勢,論述傳統(tǒng)中朝宗藩關(guān)系的特點(diǎn)和清政府對朝鮮的“不治”政策。通過朝鮮與法國、美國和日本的武裝沖突來說明朝鮮所面臨著嚴(yán)峻的國際形勢。 第二章主要論述了在相對復(fù)雜的東北亞國際形勢下,李鴻章和中國駐日公使館人員在勸導(dǎo)朝鮮開港上所作的努力。朝鮮政府決議開港后,李鴻章在具體事宜上給予指導(dǎo),幫助朝鮮擬定朝美約稿,并在約稿內(nèi)容上同朝鮮達(dá)成一致。 第三章主要闡述李鴻章與薛斐爾針對朝美立約問題進(jìn)行談判,促成《朝美修好通商條約》的簽訂和朝鮮全面開港。同時(shí)對條約的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行剖析,分析各條款對朝鮮的利弊。 結(jié)語部分對清政府引導(dǎo)朝鮮開港的進(jìn)程進(jìn)行簡要回顧,并對李鴻章在朝美議約中的角色以及清政府在朝鮮開港進(jìn)程中的作用進(jìn)行分析。
[Abstract]:Taking the whole process of the Qing government guiding the Korean port as the research object, this paper focuses on the activities and functions of the Qing government and Li Hongzhang in the process of promoting the signing of the Treaty of Commerce between the DPRK and the United States. In the nineteen seventh and 1980 s, Japan and Russia intensified their aggression and infiltration of North Korea. As the sovereign state of North Korea, the traditional policy of "no governance" pursued by the Qing government towards North Korea has been difficult to adapt to the development of the times. Therefore, Northern Minister Li Hongzhang suggested introducing the forces of western powers into North Korea in order to curb Japanese and Russian aggression, so as to achieve the purpose of "razing and razing". With the consent of the Qing government, Li Hongzhang opened a "hotline" with Li Yuyuan, North Korea's Taishi, to persuade North Korea to enter into treaties with the great powers. However, North Korea rejected Li Hongzhang's proposal and stuck to the policy of locking up the country. With the change of the international situation, Kao Zong Lee Xi, king of North Korea, decided to open Hong Kong under the influence of the modernization trend of the world and the Korean Strategy. However, Gao Zong's move was opposed by conservative forces in North Korea, and there was great resistance to opening Hong Kong. Under such circumstances, Gao Zong had to ask the Qing government for help, and repeatedly sent representatives to China to discuss the opening of Hong Kong with Li Hongzhang, while Li Hongzhang gave practical guidance on the specific issues of opening Hong Kong. In 1882, Li Hongzhang used the treaty signed by China and the great powers as a reference for preparatory negotiations with the United States envoy Xue Fei, and tried his best to fight for the rights and interests of the DPRK, finally promoting the signing of the Treaty of Commerce between the DPRK and the United States and the full opening of the DPRK to Hong Kong. Although the guiding behavior of the Qing government infringed on the diplomatic sovereignty of North Korea to a great extent, it was also helpful for North Korea to break the situation of closure and backwardness and promote the process of modernization of North Korea. The thesis consists of three parts: introduction, this theory and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the source of this topic, the basis of the topic and the purpose and significance of the topic. At the same time, this part also makes a brief review of the academic history of Sino-Korean relations in the late Qing Dynasty, and briefly expounds the research trends. This theory consists of three chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the situation at home and abroad in North Korea before the opening of Hong Kong, and discusses the characteristics of the traditional Sino-Korean Suzerain-vassal relationship and the Qing government's "incurable" policy towards Korea. The armed conflicts between North Korea and France, the United States and Japan illustrate the grim international situation facing North Korea. The second chapter mainly discusses the efforts made by Li Hongzhang and the personnel of the Chinese Embassy in Japan in persuading the opening of the port in North Korea under the relatively complex international situation in Northeast Asia. After the North Korean government decided to open Hong Kong, Li Hongzhang gave guidance on specific issues to help North Korea draw up the DPRK-US treaty and reach an agreement with North Korea on the contents of the agreement. The third chapter mainly expounds the negotiation between Li Hongzhang and Xue Fei on the treaty between the DPRK and the United States, which leads to the signing of the Treaty of Trade between the DPRK and the United States and the full opening of the DPRK to Hong Kong. At the same time, the content of the treaty is analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each clause to North Korea are analyzed. The conclusion part briefly reviews the process of the Qing government guiding the opening of the port in Korea, and analyzes the role of Li Hongzhang in the negotiation between the DPRK and the United States and the role of the Qing government in the process of opening the port in the DPRK.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K256.9
本文編號：2512005
[Abstract]:Taking the whole process of the Qing government guiding the Korean port as the research object, this paper focuses on the activities and functions of the Qing government and Li Hongzhang in the process of promoting the signing of the Treaty of Commerce between the DPRK and the United States. In the nineteen seventh and 1980 s, Japan and Russia intensified their aggression and infiltration of North Korea. As the sovereign state of North Korea, the traditional policy of "no governance" pursued by the Qing government towards North Korea has been difficult to adapt to the development of the times. Therefore, Northern Minister Li Hongzhang suggested introducing the forces of western powers into North Korea in order to curb Japanese and Russian aggression, so as to achieve the purpose of "razing and razing". With the consent of the Qing government, Li Hongzhang opened a "hotline" with Li Yuyuan, North Korea's Taishi, to persuade North Korea to enter into treaties with the great powers. However, North Korea rejected Li Hongzhang's proposal and stuck to the policy of locking up the country. With the change of the international situation, Kao Zong Lee Xi, king of North Korea, decided to open Hong Kong under the influence of the modernization trend of the world and the Korean Strategy. However, Gao Zong's move was opposed by conservative forces in North Korea, and there was great resistance to opening Hong Kong. Under such circumstances, Gao Zong had to ask the Qing government for help, and repeatedly sent representatives to China to discuss the opening of Hong Kong with Li Hongzhang, while Li Hongzhang gave practical guidance on the specific issues of opening Hong Kong. In 1882, Li Hongzhang used the treaty signed by China and the great powers as a reference for preparatory negotiations with the United States envoy Xue Fei, and tried his best to fight for the rights and interests of the DPRK, finally promoting the signing of the Treaty of Commerce between the DPRK and the United States and the full opening of the DPRK to Hong Kong. Although the guiding behavior of the Qing government infringed on the diplomatic sovereignty of North Korea to a great extent, it was also helpful for North Korea to break the situation of closure and backwardness and promote the process of modernization of North Korea. The thesis consists of three parts: introduction, this theory and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the source of this topic, the basis of the topic and the purpose and significance of the topic. At the same time, this part also makes a brief review of the academic history of Sino-Korean relations in the late Qing Dynasty, and briefly expounds the research trends. This theory consists of three chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the situation at home and abroad in North Korea before the opening of Hong Kong, and discusses the characteristics of the traditional Sino-Korean Suzerain-vassal relationship and the Qing government's "incurable" policy towards Korea. The armed conflicts between North Korea and France, the United States and Japan illustrate the grim international situation facing North Korea. The second chapter mainly discusses the efforts made by Li Hongzhang and the personnel of the Chinese Embassy in Japan in persuading the opening of the port in North Korea under the relatively complex international situation in Northeast Asia. After the North Korean government decided to open Hong Kong, Li Hongzhang gave guidance on specific issues to help North Korea draw up the DPRK-US treaty and reach an agreement with North Korea on the contents of the agreement. The third chapter mainly expounds the negotiation between Li Hongzhang and Xue Fei on the treaty between the DPRK and the United States, which leads to the signing of the Treaty of Trade between the DPRK and the United States and the full opening of the DPRK to Hong Kong. At the same time, the content of the treaty is analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each clause to North Korea are analyzed. The conclusion part briefly reviews the process of the Qing government guiding the opening of the port in Korea, and analyzes the role of Li Hongzhang in the negotiation between the DPRK and the United States and the role of the Qing government in the process of opening the port in the DPRK.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K256.9
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