【摘要】：自古以來中國人民就有去海外謀生的傳統(tǒng),鴉片戰(zhàn)爭之后隨著美洲的開發(fā),華工前往美洲謀生的規(guī)模日益擴大。而規(guī)模不斷擴大的出國華工也遇到了許多難題,比如:東南沿海的拐匪猖獗;美國逐漸限制、排斥華工;古巴、秘魯?shù)呐按群θA工等等。 為了規(guī)范華工出國,應(yīng)對美國、古巴、秘魯?shù)让乐迖业呐湃A行為,保護華工出國過程中和到達目的地后的權(quán)益�？偫硌瞄T制定了一系列政策,采取了一系列措施加強對出國華工的管理。在招工方面,制定了招工細則,提高了招工準入條件,并且加大對拐匪的打擊力度。在美國排斥華工時,采取與美談判訂立條約,逐步自禁華工的措施。當(dāng)美國拒絕華工入美之后,總理衙門通過談判盡量為華工爭取權(quán)益。當(dāng)?shù)弥虐�、秘魯虐待迫害華工時,總理衙門派出了陳蘭彬和容閎赴古巴、秘魯調(diào)查華工情形。他們的報告有力地駁斥了古巴、秘魯自稱不存在虐待華工的謬論�？偫硌瞄T據(jù)此與西班牙、秘魯談判達成了保護、遣返華工條款。為了更好地處理外交事務(wù)和保護出國的華工,經(jīng)總理衙門奏請,清政府相繼在英、法、美、西、秘、墨、古等國設(shè)立了公使館,并在重要城市設(shè)立了領(lǐng)事。 這些措施的實施,對華工出國起到了很好的規(guī)范和保護作用,同時也一定程度上維護了清政府在國際上的形象。由于國際環(huán)境及清政府自身的實力不足等原因,總理衙門制定的這些政策存在一定的缺陷,并且對西方國家也作出了不同程度的讓步。但總體來講,總理衙門在規(guī)范、保護華工方面發(fā)揮了主導(dǎo)作用,這在近代歷史上有重大意義。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, the Chinese people have the tradition of going overseas to earn a living. With the development of America after the Opium War, the scale of Chinese workers going to America to earn a living is expanding day by day. Chinese workers abroad have also encountered many problems, such as rampant bandits along the southeast coast, gradual restrictions and exclusion of Chinese workers in the United States, ill-treatment and persecution of Chinese workers in Cuba and Peru, and so on. In order to regulate Chinese workers going abroad, we should deal with the anti-China behavior of American countries such as the United States, Cuba, Peru and so on, and protect the rights and interests of Chinese workers in the process of going abroad and after arriving at their destination. Prime Minister Yamen has formulated a series of policies and taken a series of measures to strengthen the management of Chinese workers abroad. In terms of recruitment, the recruitment rules have been formulated, the conditions for admission to recruitment have been improved, and the crackdown on bandits has been intensified. When the United States rejected Chinese workers, it took measures to negotiate treaties with the United States to gradually ban Chinese workers. When the United States refused to enter the United States, Prime Minister Yamen tried to fight for the rights and interests of Chinese workers through negotiations. When he learned that Cuba, Peru mistreated and persecuted Chinese workers, Prime Minister Yamen sent Chen Lanbin and Rong Hong to Cuba to investigate the situation of Chinese workers in Peru. Their report forcefully refutes the fallacy that Cuba, Peru claims to be free from mistreatment of Chinese workers. On this basis, the Prime Minister Yamen negotiated with Spain and Peru the terms of protection and return to Chinese workers. In order to better handle foreign affairs and protect Chinese workers abroad, at the request of Prime Minister Yamen, the Qing government set up embassies in Britain, France, the United States, the West, Peru, Mexico, Cuba and other countries, and set up consuls in important cities. The implementation of these measures has played a very good role in standardizing and protecting Chinese workers abroad, and at the same time, to a certain extent, it has maintained the image of the Qing government in the world. Due to the international environment and the lack of strength of the Qing government itself, these policies formulated by the Prime Minister Yamen have certain defects, and have also made varying degrees of concessions to western countries. However, on the whole, the Prime Minister Yamen has played a leading role in standardizing and protecting Chinese workers, which is of great significance in modern history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K256

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