【摘要】：1785年8月30日,林則徐出生于福建候官(今福州市)的一個下層封建知識分子的家庭里。 1820年4月,林則徐外放浙江杭嘉湖道。從此,他就開始大刀闊斧地實(shí)展其興利除弊,匡時濟(jì)世的偉大抱負(fù)。尤其難能可貴的是,作為封建時代的一名地方大員,他不僅深刻地認(rèn)識到民眾的偉大力量,而且他還時刻注意動員民眾,去戰(zhàn)勝頻繁暴發(fā)的自然災(zāi)害,去反擊窮兇極惡的英國侵略者。 無論在哪里做官,林則徐總是為官一地,造福一方,踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地為當(dāng)?shù)氐睦习傩张艖n解難。所以,不論是大江南北,還是黃河兩岸,也不論是東海之濱,還是西北邊塞,到處都留下了他勤政為民的足跡。 1820年4月23日,在陳若霖的支持下,林則徐督修浙江海塘獲得成功,并因此而贏得了道光帝的當(dāng)面嘉獎。1824年11月初,高家堰潰壩,洪澤湖外泄,進(jìn)而又殃及到漕運(yùn),道光帝為之震怒不已。林則徐臨危受命,他身穿孝服,星夜趕到了工地,并且很快就將決口堵住。 1832年2月,林則徐調(diào)任江蘇巡撫。在蘇地的五年任期里,林則徐更是大辦水利,他先后主持興辦了瀏河、白茆河、皮大河等幾十處水利工程。同時,在林則徐的倡導(dǎo)和批準(zhǔn)下,江南、江北各地還陸續(xù)興辦了一些規(guī)模較小的水利工程,而且有的工程,還是林則徐親臨現(xiàn)場視察后才決定批準(zhǔn)興修的。毫無疑問,這一系列水利工程的實(shí)施對于恢復(fù)江南農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì),功不可沒。 1841年8月2日,黃河從開封西北沖破堤壩,滾滾洪流,一瀉千里。大災(zāi)面前,道光帝不得不命令林則徐戴罪立功,前往祥符工地輔助王鼎主持治水工作。林則徐顧不得自己年邁多病,克服了種種難以想象的困難,終于勝利地完成了堵口工程。 1842年12月10日,林則徐被貶來到了西北邊疆的伊犁惠遠(yuǎn)城。他決定在自己風(fēng)燭殘年之際,抓緊時間為邊疆人民多做點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)。因此,盡管年邁多病,他仍然滿腔熱忱地向布彥泰提出認(rèn)捐阿齊烏蘇墾地的要求,并得到了對方的大力支持。后來,為了解決那里的水源問題,林則徐又親自率領(lǐng)民工去挑沙挖石,修堤筑壩。經(jīng)過四個月的艱苦努力,他們硬是在那不毛之地上修成了一條長3000多米,寬10多米的大水渠。 在各地治水的同時,林則徐還積極發(fā)動社會各界,一起來參加賑災(zāi)工作,力爭把自然災(zāi)害的影響降到最低程度,迅速恢復(fù)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)和生活秩序。同時,林則徐又采取“以工代賑”的辦法,幫助災(zāi)民共渡時艱。此外,他還動員災(zāi)民積極開展生產(chǎn)自救,盡快恢復(fù)和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 這一時期,由于清政府對于是否禁煙還沒有一個明確的態(tài)度,所以鴉片頃刻間便席卷了神州大地。嚴(yán)禁鴉片,根除煙毒,已經(jīng)到了刻不容緩的地步了。面對煙毒泛濫,林則徐堅(jiān)決采取嚴(yán)禁措施,而且他還接連四次上書道光帝,以有力的論據(jù)促使道光帝最終決定采取嚴(yán)禁措施,從而使禁煙運(yùn)動得以在全國范圍內(nèi)轟轟烈烈地全面展開。 1838年12月31日,道光帝又正式任命林則徐為欽差大臣,并節(jié)制廣東水師,令他去廣東查辦海口事件。1839年6月3日,林則徐率領(lǐng)廣州軍民在虎門海灘上將收繳上來的237萬余斤鴉片全部銷毀�；㈤T銷煙,把禁煙運(yùn)動推向了最高潮,它向全世界顯示了中國人民抗擊外來侵略的信心和決心。 通過禁煙斗爭的實(shí)踐活動,林則徐深刻感受到了民眾的偉大力量,他堅(jiān)信廣東人民是一支真正可以利用和依靠的反侵略的力量。而且,隨著反侵略斗爭的深入進(jìn)行,他還日益認(rèn)識到“民心可用”、“民力可恃”。他認(rèn)為只要信民心,用民力,就一定可以將英國侵略者趕出國門。所以,他不但倡導(dǎo)民向自行組織團(tuán)練,而且還大力宣傳官府的立功獎勵政策,號召人民同仇敵愾,奮勇殺敵。這些舉措充分顯示了林則徐依靠民眾反對外來侵略者的堅(jiān)定決心。 林則徐一生從政40年,歷官13省,堪稱是一個功勛卓著的地主階級改革派的代表人物。不管是與自然災(zāi)害作斗爭,還是反抗侵略者的武裝入侵,他都積極發(fā)動民眾,去爭取斗爭的最后勝利。同時,他還主張學(xué)習(xí)西方方,“師夷長技以制夷”,真不愧是近代中國開眼看世界的第一人！
[Abstract]:On August 30,1785, Lin Zexu was born in the family of a lower-level feudal intellectual in the Fujian terminal (present in Fuzhou). In April,1820, Lin Zexu out of Zhejiang Hangjiahu. From then on, he began to show its advantages and disadvantages, and to the great hold of the world. In particular, as a local man of the feudal age, he was not only deeply aware of the great power of the people, but also at the moment of the mobilization of the population to combat the frequent outbreaks of natural disasters and to counter the vicious British aggression ---------------------------------------------------------- It is hard to worry. So, whether in the north or the south of the Yellow River or on both sides of the Yellow River, whether it is the shore of the east sea or the west side of the Yellow River, he has left him for the people to work for the people On April 23,1820, under the support of Chen Ruolin, Lin Zexu, with the support of Chen Ruolin, has won the success of the Zhejiang Haitang, and therefore won the face-to-face award of the Emperor. In early November,1824, the dam-break of the high-house weir, the leakage of the Hongze Lake, and the arrival of the Emperor, and the Emperor of the Emperor He was so angry that Lin Zexu was in danger, and he was dressed in a mourning suit, and the night of the stars came to the construction site and was soon It's going to be blocked. In February,1832, the forest Xu was the governor of Jiangsu Province. In the five-year term of the land, Lin Zexu was a great water conservancy, and he presided over the river, the white river, the big river and so on. There are dozens of water conservancy projects. At the same time, under the promotion and approval of Lin Zexu, some smaller water conservancy projects have been set up in the areas of the south and the north of Jiangbei. The decision is to be approved. There is no doubt that the implementation of the series of water projects is crucial to the restoration of the rural areas of the South The economy, the work is unstoppable. On August 2,1841, the Yellow River broke the dam from the northwest of Kaifeng, In front of the disaster, Emperor Daoguang had to order Lin Zexu to put on the work of the crime, and went to the site of the auspicious symbol. To help Wang Ding to take charge of the work of the water, Lin Zexu can't take care of his old age and overcome all the unimaginable difficulties and finally win. In the end of December 10,1842, Lin Zexu was brought to the end. The Ili of the northwest frontier. He decided to hurry when he was in the air of the year. in spite of that old man's illness, he is still full of enthusiasm to make a pledge to Mr. Buyantai to make a pledge to the land of Azzuusu, Then, in order to solve the water problem there, Lin Zexu personally led the people After four months of hard work, their hard work was to build a long, more than 3,000 a long A large water channel with a width of more than 10 meters. In the meantime, Lin Zexu, at the same time, actively launches all sectors of society to join in the disaster relief work, and strives to minimize the impact of natural disasters. At the same time, Lin Zexu also took the "to take a job as a subtest for work" 【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K253

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