南京國民政府前十年（1927-1937年）河北地區(qū)災(zāi)荒與救助評述
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-24 22:52
【摘要】：自古以來，河北地區(qū)的自然災(zāi)害就十分頻繁。南京國民政府成立之后的前十年，災(zāi)情依舊不斷加劇，，呈現(xiàn)出頻發(fā)性、多樣性、群發(fā)性等特點，較之前的時期更為嚴(yán)重，給人民的生活和財產(chǎn)都造成了極大的損失。深究其原因，除了自然條件與自然環(huán)境外，還與政局動蕩、經(jīng)濟水平低、戰(zhàn)爭頻繁等社會因素有著必然的聯(lián)系。嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)害，不僅造成大量勞動力的流離和傷亡，而且對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生了極大的破壞，最終導(dǎo)致財產(chǎn)損失、經(jīng)濟衰退，甚至擾亂了文化教育事業(yè)的正常發(fā)展。對災(zāi)民而言，不論是身體上還是心理上都是沉重的打擊。面對嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)荒，南京國民政府采取了一系列相應(yīng)的賑災(zāi)舉措，不論是重視程度，還是防災(zāi)救災(zāi)的過程，較之前的時期都有了很大的進步，設(shè)立了專門的救災(zāi)機構(gòu)，出臺了一系列的救災(zāi)法規(guī)。防災(zāi)方面，政府加強了水利工程的建設(shè)和整修。救災(zāi)方面，南京政府也采取了相應(yīng)的措施，包括急賑、農(nóng)賑、減免賦稅、以工代賑等。從而建立起了相對完善的現(xiàn)代救災(zāi)制度。民間組織與社會慈善團體在救災(zāi)過程中結(jié)合了西方的創(chuàng)新型救災(zāi)模式，采取“防救并重”的方式，幫助災(zāi)民恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)。這在一定程度上不僅緩解了災(zāi)情，也對現(xiàn)代化的救災(zāi)進程起到了推動作用。 對南京國民政府前十年河北災(zāi)荒與救助的評述，最主要的目的就是以史為鑒，進一步改革和完善我國現(xiàn)行的救災(zāi)制度和救災(zāi)體系，強化政府的救災(zāi)力量，引導(dǎo)、扶持非政府組織的社會力量參與到救災(zāi)工作中，使其適應(yīng)社會發(fā)展的潮流；建立高效準(zhǔn)確的災(zāi)情評估體系，達到提高救災(zāi)效率的目的；廣泛普及災(zāi)害群測群防和自救互救知識，增強全社會對自然災(zāi)害的防范意識，做到標(biāo)本兼治，防患于未然。
[Abstract]:The natural disasters in the north of the river have been very frequent since ancient times. The first ten years after the establishment of the National Government of Nanjing, the situation of the disaster is still increasing, showing the characteristics of frequency, diversity, group-sending and so on, which is more serious than the previous period, which has caused great loss to the people's life and property. The deep reason, in addition to the natural conditions and the natural environment, also has the inevitable contact with social factors such as political instability, low economic level and frequent war. The serious disaster not only caused a large amount of labor force and casualties, but also caused great damage to the rural economy, resulting in the property loss, the economic recession and even the normal development of the cultural and cultural education. It is a heavy blow to the victims, both physically and psychologically. In the face of the severe famine, the Nanjing National Government has taken a series of corresponding relief measures, whether it is attached to the degree of attention or the process of disaster prevention and relief, and has made great progress in the earlier period, and a special disaster relief agency has been set up, and a series of disaster relief regulations have been put in place. In the area of disaster prevention, the government has strengthened the construction and renovation of water conservancy projects. In the field of disaster relief, the nanjing government has also taken corresponding measures, including the rush, the agriculture, the tax relief, the work agent, and so on. So as to establish a relatively perfect modern disaster relief system. In the course of disaster relief, the civil society and the social charity group have combined the western innovative disaster relief mode and adopted the "Anti-rescue and equal attention" to help the victims to resume production. This has not only alleviated the disaster, but also contributed to the modernization of the disaster relief process. The main purpose of this review is to further reform and improve the current disaster relief system and the disaster relief system in our country, and to strengthen the government's disaster relief force and lead the disaster relief system in the first ten years of the Nanjing National Government. To guide and support the social forces of non-governmental organizations to participate in the disaster relief work so as to adapt them to the trend of social development; to establish an efficient and accurate disaster assessment system to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of disaster relief; and to spread the disaster group to the prevention and self-rescue and mutual rescue. To recognize and enhance the awareness of the whole society in the prevention of natural disasters, to treat both the symptoms and root causes, and to prevent the disease from being affected
【學(xué)位授予單位】：齊齊哈爾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：X43;K263;D693.66
本文編號：2505432
[Abstract]:The natural disasters in the north of the river have been very frequent since ancient times. The first ten years after the establishment of the National Government of Nanjing, the situation of the disaster is still increasing, showing the characteristics of frequency, diversity, group-sending and so on, which is more serious than the previous period, which has caused great loss to the people's life and property. The deep reason, in addition to the natural conditions and the natural environment, also has the inevitable contact with social factors such as political instability, low economic level and frequent war. The serious disaster not only caused a large amount of labor force and casualties, but also caused great damage to the rural economy, resulting in the property loss, the economic recession and even the normal development of the cultural and cultural education. It is a heavy blow to the victims, both physically and psychologically. In the face of the severe famine, the Nanjing National Government has taken a series of corresponding relief measures, whether it is attached to the degree of attention or the process of disaster prevention and relief, and has made great progress in the earlier period, and a special disaster relief agency has been set up, and a series of disaster relief regulations have been put in place. In the area of disaster prevention, the government has strengthened the construction and renovation of water conservancy projects. In the field of disaster relief, the nanjing government has also taken corresponding measures, including the rush, the agriculture, the tax relief, the work agent, and so on. So as to establish a relatively perfect modern disaster relief system. In the course of disaster relief, the civil society and the social charity group have combined the western innovative disaster relief mode and adopted the "Anti-rescue and equal attention" to help the victims to resume production. This has not only alleviated the disaster, but also contributed to the modernization of the disaster relief process. The main purpose of this review is to further reform and improve the current disaster relief system and the disaster relief system in our country, and to strengthen the government's disaster relief force and lead the disaster relief system in the first ten years of the Nanjing National Government. To guide and support the social forces of non-governmental organizations to participate in the disaster relief work so as to adapt them to the trend of social development; to establish an efficient and accurate disaster assessment system to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of disaster relief; and to spread the disaster group to the prevention and self-rescue and mutual rescue. To recognize and enhance the awareness of the whole society in the prevention of natural disasters, to treat both the symptoms and root causes, and to prevent the disease from being affected
【學(xué)位授予單位】：齊齊哈爾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：X43;K263;D693.66
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 康沛竹;災(zāi)荒與太平天國革命的失敗[J];北方論叢;1995年06期
2 王紹武,朱錦紅,蔡靜寧;Interdecadal Variability of Temperature and Precipitation in China since 1880[J];Advances in Atmospheric Sciences;2004年03期
3 李文海;中國近代災(zāi)荒與社會生活[J];近代史研究;1990年05期
4 夏明方;抗戰(zhàn)時期中國的災(zāi)荒與人口遷移[J];抗日戰(zhàn)爭研究;2000年02期
5 李文海;;清末災(zāi)荒與辛亥革命[J];歷史研究;1991年05期
6 李文海;甲午戰(zhàn)爭與災(zāi)荒[J];歷史研究;1994年06期
7 劉仰東;災(zāi)荒:考察近代中國社會的另一個視角[J];清史研究;1995年02期
8 劉五書;論民國時期的以工代賑救荒[J];史學(xué)月刊;1997年02期
9 魏宏運;1939年華北大水災(zāi)述評[J];史學(xué)月刊;1998年05期
10 王承仁 ,胡克剛;試釋孫中山的備荒救災(zāi)思想[J];武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);1991年05期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 劉玉梅;民國時期河北災(zāi)荒研究[D];河北大學(xué);2001年
本文編號：2505432
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/zgjxds/2505432.html
