【摘要】：自古以來(lái)，河北地區(qū)的自然災(zāi)害就十分頻繁。南京國(guó)民政府成立之后的前十年，災(zāi)情依舊不斷加劇，，呈現(xiàn)出頻發(fā)性、多樣性、群發(fā)性等特點(diǎn)，較之前的時(shí)期更為嚴(yán)重，給人民的生活和財(cái)產(chǎn)都造成了極大的損失。深究其原因，除了自然條件與自然環(huán)境外，還與政局動(dòng)蕩、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平低、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)頻繁等社會(huì)因素有著必然的聯(lián)系。嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)害，不僅造成大量勞動(dòng)力的流離和傷亡，而且對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了極大的破壞，最終導(dǎo)致財(cái)產(chǎn)損失、經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，甚至擾亂了文化教育事業(yè)的正常發(fā)展。對(duì)災(zāi)民而言，不論是身體上還是心理上都是沉重的打擊。面對(duì)嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)荒，南京國(guó)民政府采取了一系列相應(yīng)的賑災(zāi)舉措，不論是重視程度，還是防災(zāi)救災(zāi)的過(guò)程，較之前的時(shí)期都有了很大的進(jìn)步，設(shè)立了專(zhuān)門(mén)的救災(zāi)機(jī)構(gòu)，出臺(tái)了一系列的救災(zāi)法規(guī)。防災(zāi)方面，政府加強(qiáng)了水利工程的建設(shè)和整修。救災(zāi)方面，南京政府也采取了相應(yīng)的措施，包括急賑、農(nóng)賑、減免賦稅、以工代賑等。從而建立起了相對(duì)完善的現(xiàn)代救災(zāi)制度。民間組織與社會(huì)慈善團(tuán)體在救災(zāi)過(guò)程中結(jié)合了西方的創(chuàng)新型救災(zāi)模式，采取“防救并重”的方式，幫助災(zāi)民恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)。這在一定程度上不僅緩解了災(zāi)情，也對(duì)現(xiàn)代化的救災(zāi)進(jìn)程起到了推動(dòng)作用。 對(duì)南京國(guó)民政府前十年河北災(zāi)荒與救助的評(píng)述，最主要的目的就是以史為鑒，進(jìn)一步改革和完善我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的救災(zāi)制度和救災(zāi)體系，強(qiáng)化政府的救災(zāi)力量，引導(dǎo)、扶持非政府組織的社會(huì)力量參與到救災(zāi)工作中，使其適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展的潮流；建立高效準(zhǔn)確的災(zāi)情評(píng)估體系，達(dá)到提高救災(zāi)效率的目的；廣泛普及災(zāi)害群測(cè)群防和自救互救知識(shí)，增強(qiáng)全社會(huì)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害的防范意識(shí)，做到標(biāo)本兼治，防患于未然。
[Abstract]:The natural disasters in the north of the river have been very frequent since ancient times. The first ten years after the establishment of the National Government of Nanjing, the situation of the disaster is still increasing, showing the characteristics of frequency, diversity, group-sending and so on, which is more serious than the previous period, which has caused great loss to the people's life and property. The deep reason, in addition to the natural conditions and the natural environment, also has the inevitable contact with social factors such as political instability, low economic level and frequent war. The serious disaster not only caused a large amount of labor force and casualties, but also caused great damage to the rural economy, resulting in the property loss, the economic recession and even the normal development of the cultural and cultural education. It is a heavy blow to the victims, both physically and psychologically. In the face of the severe famine, the Nanjing National Government has taken a series of corresponding relief measures, whether it is attached to the degree of attention or the process of disaster prevention and relief, and has made great progress in the earlier period, and a special disaster relief agency has been set up, and a series of disaster relief regulations have been put in place. In the area of disaster prevention, the government has strengthened the construction and renovation of water conservancy projects. In the field of disaster relief, the nanjing government has also taken corresponding measures, including the rush, the agriculture, the tax relief, the work agent, and so on. So as to establish a relatively perfect modern disaster relief system. In the course of disaster relief, the civil society and the social charity group have combined the western innovative disaster relief mode and adopted the "Anti-rescue and equal attention" to help the victims to resume production. This has not only alleviated the disaster, but also contributed to the modernization of the disaster relief process. The main purpose of this review is to further reform and improve the current disaster relief system and the disaster relief system in our country, and to strengthen the government's disaster relief force and lead the disaster relief system in the first ten years of the Nanjing National Government. To guide and support the social forces of non-governmental organizations to participate in the disaster relief work so as to adapt them to the trend of social development; to establish an efficient and accurate disaster assessment system to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of disaster relief; and to spread the disaster group to the prevention and self-rescue and mutual rescue. To recognize and enhance the awareness of the whole society in the prevention of natural disasters, to treat both the symptoms and root causes, and to prevent the disease from being affected
【學(xué)位授予單位】：齊齊哈爾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X43;K263;D693.66

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