【摘要】：軍事演習(xí)的產(chǎn)生是近代西方軍事變革過程中軍隊編制、武器及戰(zhàn)術(shù)訓(xùn)練等日益完善的必然結(jié)果。近代以來,受西方軍事沖擊之影響,晚清陸軍經(jīng)歷了軍事技術(shù)到軍事制度的變革。清末十年新政之軍制改革成效最著,清政府鑄造之新式陸軍為清末陸軍軍事訓(xùn)練革新提供了新載體。會操是清末新軍軍事訓(xùn)練的高級階段,實為中國陸軍軍事演習(xí)之濫觴。目前學(xué)界對新軍會操這一課題研究尚處于薄弱環(huán)節(jié),本文以清末新軍會操為研究對象,試圖從制度史、現(xiàn)代化等多視角動態(tài)考察晚清軍事轉(zhuǎn)型語境下新軍會操之內(nèi)涵與外延。 17世紀(jì)至19世紀(jì)末,西方軍事變革浪潮催生了軍事演習(xí)并使之制度化；同時期,中國舊式陸軍在西學(xué)東漸背景下經(jīng)歷了軍事技術(shù)到軍事制度的緩慢變革。甲午戰(zhàn)前,八旗、綠營或防、練軍武器裝備西化并未引發(fā)軍事訓(xùn)練的實質(zhì)變革。甲午戰(zhàn)后,新建陸軍、自強軍及湖北護軍等新式軍隊試練成軍,其內(nèi)部機制的現(xiàn)代化特征彰顯了軍事訓(xùn)練革新之必要,袁世凱、張之洞開始將軍事對抗演習(xí)引入新軍軍事訓(xùn)練實踐過程。清末新式陸軍普練,從廣度和深度上推動中國陸軍早期現(xiàn)代化進程。清政府效仿西方、日本陸軍軍事演習(xí)籌辦新軍會操,北洋六鎮(zhèn)及奉天、江蘇等省新軍陸續(xù)開展訓(xùn)練性會操或校閱性會操,使之成為新軍軍事訓(xùn)練的高級階段。清末新軍大會操發(fā)軔于河間會操(1905年),繼之籌辦彰德會操(1906年),這是集校閱性和訓(xùn)練性為一體的大型諸兵種軍事演習(xí)。1907—-1911年間,除太湖秋操(1908年)、永平秋操(1911年)因爆發(fā)革命中斷外,其余三年停辦大會操。大會操籌備、實施過程中形塑而成新軍大會操制度。中央練兵處(后為陸軍部、軍諮府)和地方督練公所是籌辦大會操的軍事領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機構(gòu)。大會操籌備階段,練兵處(后為陸軍部、軍諮府)負(fù)責(zé)新軍編制、頒發(fā)大會操條令、設(shè)立大會操導(dǎo)演機構(gòu)等；會同督練公所勘測和規(guī)劃操地、動員新軍等。大會操實施階段,閱兵處是新軍會操的總導(dǎo)演機構(gòu),閱兵大臣全權(quán)負(fù)責(zé)大會操事宜；新軍大會操實施程序包括諸兵種會操和閱兵式兩部分。 清末新軍會操體現(xiàn)了中國陸軍現(xiàn)代化進程的一個截面,需要從多個角度綜合考察。新軍會操呈現(xiàn)出晚清軍事轉(zhuǎn)型期的多樣化特征。新軍大會操是高度綜合的大型軍事演習(xí),受制于清末財政、政治及革命因素而一度中輟。新軍會操作為軍事訓(xùn)練的新舉措和新思路,提升和改善了新軍建設(shè)成就。新軍大會操制度奠定了中國陸軍軍事演習(xí)之基,影響深遠(yuǎn)。
[Abstract]:The development of the military exercises is the inevitable result of the development of the army, the weapon and the tactics training in the course of modern western military reform. Since the modern times, the Army of the late Qing Dynasty experienced the change of the military technology to the military system. The reform of the military system in the last ten years of the late Qing Dynasty is the most effective, and the new army of the Qing government has provided a new carrier for the reform of the army military training in the late Qing Dynasty. It is the high stage of the military training of the new army in the end of the Qing Dynasty, and it is the platitude of the military exercises of the Chinese army. At present, the research of the new army's operation of the new army is still in the weak link. This paper attempts to study the connotation and the extension of the new army's operation in the context of the military transformation in the late Qing Dynasty from the view of system history, modernization and so on. At the end of the 17th and the end of the 19th century, the wave of western military reform has led to the military exercises and the institutionalization of the military exercises. In the same period, the old-style army of China experienced the gradual change of the military technology to the military system in the background of the west. No change in military training is caused by the westernization of the eight-flag, the green camp or the defense-and-training-in-the-military equipment before the day of the Sino-Japanese War. The modern characteristics of the internal mechanism of the new army, the army of the new army, the army of self-improvement and the armed forces of Hubei are the necessary for the reform of military training. Yuan Shikai, Zhang Zhidong, began to introduce the military confrontation exercise into the military training of the new army. Cheng, the new army of the late Qing Dynasty, promoted the early modernization of the Chinese Army from the breadth and depth The Qing government will follow the western and Japanese army exercises to prepare the new army's meeting, and the new army in the six towns of Beiyang and Fengtian, Jiangsu and other provinces will carry out the training exercises or the reading performance to make it a higher order of the military training of the new army. In that end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the year, the Cao Cao Cao Cao (in 1905), followed by the preparation of the Cao Cao Cao Cao (1906), was a large-scale military exercise in which the school and the train were integrated. During the period of 1907-1911, in addition to the fall of the Taihu Lake (1908), the autumn operation of Yongping (1911) was interrupted by the outbreak of the revolution. In addition, the rest of the three-year suspension of the General Assembly Cao Cao, in the preparation and implementation of the operation, was made up of the new army of the new army. Degree. The Central Military Training Service (hereinafter referred to as the Army Department, the Military Office) and the local supervision and training office are the military leaders for the preparation of the operation and operation. In the preparatory phase of the operation, the training service (hereinafter referred to as the Army Department and the Military Administrative Department) is responsible for the preparation of the new army, the issuance of the operation order, the establishment of the operation director, and the like; and in conjunction with the supervision and practice of the survey and planning, the new army shall be mobilized. At the stage of the operation, the military parade is the general director of the new army, and the minister of the military parade is solely responsible for the operation of the army. The implementation procedure of the new army is composed of the soldiers and the military parade. In that end of the end of the end of the end of the end of the Qing dynasty, the operation of the new army embody a section of the modernization process of the Chinese army. On the basis of the investigation, the new army will present various kinds of military transformation in the late Qing Dynasty. The new army is a highly integrated large-scale military exercise, which is subject to the financial, political and revolutionary factors at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The new army will operate as new measures and new ideas for military training, improve and improve the construction of the new army Let's set up achievements. The new system of the new army laid the foundation and shadow of the Chinese army's military exercises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K252

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 田躍安;清末新軍建設(shè)的歷史思考[J];西安電子科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2001年02期

2 陳劍平;;清代新疆兵制的變遷[J];新疆師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2006年03期

3 姚婕;清末官員日本陸軍考察熱的社會背景[J];杭州師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2001年05期

4 蘇全有;;論清末新軍的國家失控[J];學(xué)術(shù)研究;2009年07期

5 王賢知;自強軍編練述略[J];史學(xué)月刊;1982年05期

6 張程;;彰德秋操 清王朝為民國舉辦的閱兵式[J];時代教育(先鋒國家歷史);2009年07期

7 王開璽;;新軍[J];歷史教學(xué);1983年09期

8 劉鵬舉;張力;;略談江南自強軍[J];文史知識;1994年08期

9 陳崇橋;清末編練三十六鎮(zhèn)述論[J];遼寧大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);1990年05期

10 劉瓊霞;論晚清軍隊的三次變革[J];貴州文史叢刊;2000年03期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 林荃;;論云南陸軍講武堂的開放性與兼容性[A];百年軍校 將帥搖籃[C];2009年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前10條

1 陳忠權(quán) 劉恩艷 倪正偉;百年古鎮(zhèn)：小站新事[N];天津日報;2006年

2 王作化;軍禮 肩章 綠軍裝[N];中國檔案報;2006年

3 謝本書;新建陸軍[N];云南政協(xié)報;2001年

4 記者 毛立輝;銷售市場淡季不淡[N];中國紡織報;2000年

5 孫科佳;由甲午海戰(zhàn)說開去[N];中國國防報;2004年

6 本報記者　王文杰　劉聲東;永遠(yuǎn)堅持黨對軍隊的絕對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)[N];解放軍報;2002年

7 彭光謙　鄭艷華;把思想政治建設(shè)擺在首位[N];中國國防報;2002年

8 李平;新東安市場的“古”與“今”[N];大眾科技報;2002年

9 由國慶;清末興起的中外煙草廣告[N];經(jīng)理日報;2009年

10 張華騰;澳大利亞人莫理循1910年的中國西北行[N];西部時報;2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 彭賀超;清末新軍會操研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2012年

2 郭靜;清末新軍后勤體制研究（1895-1911）[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2012年

3 張旭彬;論清末新軍的營制[D];華中師范大學(xué);2011年

4 孟瑞;清政府編練新式陸軍決策過程研究（1894-1895）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2009年

5 吳雙喜;軍事技術(shù)引進背景下的新軍建設(shè)研究[D];國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2009年

6 于美蓮;學(xué)人從軍與晚清軍人社會變遷[D];上海師范大學(xué);2010年

7 陳長江;甲午戰(zhàn)后至戊戌維新前清政府的改革研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2011年

8 肖紅松;洋務(wù)運動時期直隸的陸軍變革[D];河北大學(xué);2000年

9 劉廣益;袁世凱的治軍思想研究[D];華中師范大學(xué);2012年

10 劉慶;清末軍制改革研究（1901—1911）[D];山東師范大學(xué);2003年

，

本文編號：2504710