中國國民黨江西省干部訓練研究：1932-1949
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-10 03:52
【摘要】：國民黨江西省的干部訓練是國民黨整體干訓工作的重要組成部分,江西省訓練團是省政府進行干訓的主要機構(gòu)。江西省的干訓,是在國民黨的干訓政策、蔣介石的干訓思想以及國民黨的整體干訓氛圍影響之下,結(jié)合省內(nèi)的具體情況展開的。 江西省的干訓從1932年開始至1949年結(jié)束,歷經(jīng)四個階段�？h政研究會和縣政訓練所時期,各方面很不完善,但該階段的干訓在“協(xié)剿”方面發(fā)揮了一定效用,搭建了干訓機構(gòu)的基本架構(gòu)。政治講習院時期的訓練重心轉(zhuǎn)向區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)干部,組織結(jié)構(gòu)、訓練規(guī)模、訓練內(nèi)容、訓練措施比之前有較大進展。地方行政干部訓練團時期,無論從組織健全程度,還是從訓練規(guī)模、正規(guī)化程度等方面來看,都是干訓最繁盛的階段。江西省訓練團時期,由于機構(gòu)的調(diào)整與裁撤、國民黨的迅速潰敗等原因,效果不可與之前同日而語,但轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)軍官訓練是一個亮點。 省訓團的組織結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過一個逐漸演變的過程,但機構(gòu)設(shè)置與機構(gòu)職責保持了相對的穩(wěn)定,特別是從政講院開始變化不大。省訓團在發(fā)展變遷歷程中,逐漸形成—整套教職員的選拔任用和考核制度,建立了一支相對穩(wěn)定的教職員隊伍,而且隊伍的整體素質(zhì)比較高。 干訓科目包括共同科目和專業(yè)科目,各個班(組)的共同科目大致相同,專業(yè)科目則和各班(組)受訓學員的實際工作相聯(lián)系。這種課程設(shè)置從總體上來分析與干訓目標相匹配,但有些課程與學員的實際工作聯(lián)系不緊密。而且,單科訓練時間過短,使得學員不能對課程很好掌握。訓練的教材,主要包括孫中山和蔣介石的思想言論、基本政治理論和國民黨現(xiàn)行政策、中國歷史地理、國民黨歷史以及傳統(tǒng)知識和傳統(tǒng)道德、黨務(wù)、行政工作的實際應(yīng)用技術(shù)等。此外,省訓團和各縣市訓練機構(gòu)還編輯了部分省情和縣情教材。 江西省對受訓學員的選拔、訓練、考核以及服務(wù)指導進行了全方位的設(shè)計。在選拔方面,江西省制訂了嚴密的選拔程序,但對于學員的思想意識難以考察。對學員的訓練,是以課堂講授為基礎(chǔ),以訓育、軍事訓練和軍事化管理為重點,同時輔之于各種社團活動。這些措施有一定的合理性,但也存在一些問題,最突出的就是以軍訓的方式來對黨政干部進行訓練,沒有考慮到黨政干部的特殊性。江西省對學員的考核制訂了詳細的標準,但是考核方式存在機械、呆板、不能與人事行政相聯(lián)系的弊端。對學員結(jié)業(yè)后進行服務(wù)指導具有良好的設(shè)計意愿,但學員對于無職無權(quán)的干訓機構(gòu)缺乏敬畏,因而敷衍了事,造成跟蹤輔導流于形式。 省訓團在其發(fā)展歷程中,與境內(nèi)的其他干訓機構(gòu)之間存在著復雜的關(guān)系。省訓團和廬山軍官訓練團同作為國民黨的干訓機構(gòu),從歷史淵源、訓練模式和內(nèi)容、時代背景、戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)等方面存在一定的關(guān)聯(lián)。但二者在舉辦主體、訓練對象、具體訓練目標、訓練方式上存在著較大差異。蔣經(jīng)國主辦的青干班,名義上附屬于省訓團,但實際是蔣氏的“獨立王國”。至于江西各地的訓練機構(gòu),從組織體系上說隸屬于省訓團,但象征意義多于實際意義,省訓團更多的是對其進行業(yè)務(wù)指導。 本文認為,以省訓團為核心的江西省干訓實踐,取得了一定成效,也存在一些不足。它增強了學員的國家認同感和民族認同感,一定程度上提高了學員的理論水平和實際工作能力,推動了“三�！闭叩膶嵤�,促進了民眾組訓與抗戰(zhàn)動員工作的開展,加強了學員之間的溝通和交流,提供了干部考察和干部晉升的平臺,強化了省政府對各地的了解與監(jiān)控。但江西省的干訓從總體來看是失敗的,它沒有從根本上提高干部的素質(zhì)特別是精神素質(zhì),沒有從根本上實現(xiàn)強化黨組織的內(nèi)聚力和擴大黨務(wù)的目的。造成干訓效果不佳的原因,既存在于訓練本身,也存在于國民黨江西省和整個國民黨的深層次弊端。訓練本身存在學員規(guī)避訓練、單科訓練時間太短、訓練的方式方法存在弊端、考核標準與方式不科學、受訓成績的運用不夠、講師素質(zhì)參差不齊、結(jié)業(yè)后的輔導工作有名無實等問題。但效果不佳的根源在于國民黨的意識形態(tài)、制度規(guī)范、干部政策、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、廉政建設(shè)、教育文化發(fā)展水平和干部素養(yǎng)、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展程度和干訓經(jīng)費等因素。
[Abstract]:The training of the cadres in Jiangxi Province is an important part of the overall dry training of the Kuomintang, and the training group in Jiangxi Province is the main body of the provincial government to carry out the training. The dry training in Jiangxi province is under the influence of the Kuomintang's dry-training policy, the dry-training thought of Chiang Kai-shek and the overall dry-training atmosphere of the Kuomintang, and is carried out in the light of the specific situation in the province. The dry training of Jiangxi province, from 1932 to the end of 1949, went through four During the period of the county and county administration and the training of the county and government, the various aspects are not perfect, but the training in this stage has played a certain role in the "encirclement and suppression", and the basic structure of the dry training institution is set up Structure: The training center of the political lecture hall is the focus of the training center of the steering area, the structure of the organization, the training scale, the training content, the training measure is larger than before. In that period of the training mission of local administrative cadres, it is the most prosperous of the dry training, either from the sound level of the organization or from the training scale and the degree of normalization. in that period of the training mission in Jiangxi province, due to the adjustment and abolishment of the institution, the rapid rout of the Kuomintang and other reasons, the effect cannot be written in the same day as before, but the training of the transfer officer is one The organizational structure of the provincial training group has undergone a gradual process, but the establishment of the institution and the institutional responsibilities have kept the relative stability, in particular from the administration. In the course of the development, the provincial training group gradually formed the selection and appointment and assessment system of the whole set of staff, and established a relatively stable staff team, and the whole team The quality is relatively high. The subjects of the dry training include common subjects and professional subjects. The common subjects of each class (group) are the same. The specialized subjects and the trainees of each class (group) The actual work of the course is related to the actual work. This kind of course is set up as a whole to match the target of the dry training, but some of the course and the student's actual situation The inter-family connection is not tight. Also, the single-family training time is too short, so that the participants do not The training materials, including Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek's thoughts, the basic political theory and the Kuomintang's current policy, the Chinese historical geography, the history of the Kuomintang and the traditional knowledge and the traditional morality, the party affairs and the administrative work In addition, the provincial training institutes and the county and city training institutions have also edited the Ministry of Education The selection, training, examination and service of the trainees in Jiangxi Province The guidance has been designed in an all-round way. In terms of selection, the Jiangxi Province has set up a rigorous selection procedure, but for the The students' ideological consciousness is hard to investigate. The training of the students is based on the teaching of the class, with the emphasis on training, military training and the management of the militarization. At the same time, it is complementary to various social activities. These measures are reasonable, but there are some problems. The most prominent is to train the party and government cadres in the form of military training. In view of the particularity of the party and government cadres, the examination of the students in Jiangxi Province has set a detailed standard, but the examination method has the mechanical and rigid plates, and cannot Disadvantages associated with the administration of personnel. Service guidance after the course of the student's junction has a good design will, but the trainees have a lack of respect for the non-professional dry-training institutions, and they have to do so. In that course of its development, other than in the country. There is a complex relationship among the dry training institutes. The training groups of the provincial and the Lushan Military Officers have the same as the dry training institutions of the Kuomintang, from the historical origin, the training mode and the content and the background. There is a certain association between the strategic task and so on, but the two are in the main body, the training object, the specific training order There is a great difference in the style of training and training. The green and dry class, which is sponsored by Jiang Jing-guo, is attached to the provincial training group in the name, but actually is the "the" the independent of Jiang's" As for the training institutions in various parts of Jiangxi, it is subordinate to the provincial training group from the organizational system, but the symbolic meaning is more than the actual meaning, and the province In this paper, the training of Jiangxi province, which is the core of the provincial training group, is regarded as the core of this paper. In addition, some achievements have been made, and there are some shortcomings. It enhances the national identity and the national identity of the students, and has improved the theoretical level and practical working ability of the students to a certain extent, and promoted the implementation of the "Sanbao" policy and promoted the mobilization of the people's training and the anti-Japanese war. The development of the students has strengthened the communication and exchange among the students, and provided the level of the cadre investigation and the promotion of the cadres. Taiwan has strengthened the provincial government's understanding and monitoring of all over the country. But the dry training of Jiangxi Province has failed in general, and it does not fundamentally improve the quality of the cadres, especially the spiritual quality, and is not fundamentally realized To strengthen the cohesion of the Party organization and to expand the purpose of the Party affairs. The cause of the poor training effect is not only in the training itself but also in the country. In Jiangxi Province and the whole Kuomintang, there is a deep-seated disadvantage of the whole Kuomintang. The training itself is the student's evasive training. The training time of the single section is too short. The training method has the disadvantages, the examination standard and the way are not scientific, the training result is not used enough, the quality of the lecturer does not The cause of the poor effect is that the ideology, the system of the Kuomintang, the policy of the cadres, the structure of the organization, the construction of the clean government, the level of education and the development of the education and the cadres
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K262.9
本文編號：2496148
[Abstract]:The training of the cadres in Jiangxi Province is an important part of the overall dry training of the Kuomintang, and the training group in Jiangxi Province is the main body of the provincial government to carry out the training. The dry training in Jiangxi province is under the influence of the Kuomintang's dry-training policy, the dry-training thought of Chiang Kai-shek and the overall dry-training atmosphere of the Kuomintang, and is carried out in the light of the specific situation in the province. The dry training of Jiangxi province, from 1932 to the end of 1949, went through four During the period of the county and county administration and the training of the county and government, the various aspects are not perfect, but the training in this stage has played a certain role in the "encirclement and suppression", and the basic structure of the dry training institution is set up Structure: The training center of the political lecture hall is the focus of the training center of the steering area, the structure of the organization, the training scale, the training content, the training measure is larger than before. In that period of the training mission of local administrative cadres, it is the most prosperous of the dry training, either from the sound level of the organization or from the training scale and the degree of normalization. in that period of the training mission in Jiangxi province, due to the adjustment and abolishment of the institution, the rapid rout of the Kuomintang and other reasons, the effect cannot be written in the same day as before, but the training of the transfer officer is one The organizational structure of the provincial training group has undergone a gradual process, but the establishment of the institution and the institutional responsibilities have kept the relative stability, in particular from the administration. In the course of the development, the provincial training group gradually formed the selection and appointment and assessment system of the whole set of staff, and established a relatively stable staff team, and the whole team The quality is relatively high. The subjects of the dry training include common subjects and professional subjects. The common subjects of each class (group) are the same. The specialized subjects and the trainees of each class (group) The actual work of the course is related to the actual work. This kind of course is set up as a whole to match the target of the dry training, but some of the course and the student's actual situation The inter-family connection is not tight. Also, the single-family training time is too short, so that the participants do not The training materials, including Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek's thoughts, the basic political theory and the Kuomintang's current policy, the Chinese historical geography, the history of the Kuomintang and the traditional knowledge and the traditional morality, the party affairs and the administrative work In addition, the provincial training institutes and the county and city training institutions have also edited the Ministry of Education The selection, training, examination and service of the trainees in Jiangxi Province The guidance has been designed in an all-round way. In terms of selection, the Jiangxi Province has set up a rigorous selection procedure, but for the The students' ideological consciousness is hard to investigate. The training of the students is based on the teaching of the class, with the emphasis on training, military training and the management of the militarization. At the same time, it is complementary to various social activities. These measures are reasonable, but there are some problems. The most prominent is to train the party and government cadres in the form of military training. In view of the particularity of the party and government cadres, the examination of the students in Jiangxi Province has set a detailed standard, but the examination method has the mechanical and rigid plates, and cannot Disadvantages associated with the administration of personnel. Service guidance after the course of the student's junction has a good design will, but the trainees have a lack of respect for the non-professional dry-training institutions, and they have to do so. In that course of its development, other than in the country. There is a complex relationship among the dry training institutes. The training groups of the provincial and the Lushan Military Officers have the same as the dry training institutions of the Kuomintang, from the historical origin, the training mode and the content and the background. There is a certain association between the strategic task and so on, but the two are in the main body, the training object, the specific training order There is a great difference in the style of training and training. The green and dry class, which is sponsored by Jiang Jing-guo, is attached to the provincial training group in the name, but actually is the "the" the independent of Jiang's" As for the training institutions in various parts of Jiangxi, it is subordinate to the provincial training group from the organizational system, but the symbolic meaning is more than the actual meaning, and the province In this paper, the training of Jiangxi province, which is the core of the provincial training group, is regarded as the core of this paper. In addition, some achievements have been made, and there are some shortcomings. It enhances the national identity and the national identity of the students, and has improved the theoretical level and practical working ability of the students to a certain extent, and promoted the implementation of the "Sanbao" policy and promoted the mobilization of the people's training and the anti-Japanese war. The development of the students has strengthened the communication and exchange among the students, and provided the level of the cadre investigation and the promotion of the cadres. Taiwan has strengthened the provincial government's understanding and monitoring of all over the country. But the dry training of Jiangxi Province has failed in general, and it does not fundamentally improve the quality of the cadres, especially the spiritual quality, and is not fundamentally realized To strengthen the cohesion of the Party organization and to expand the purpose of the Party affairs. The cause of the poor training effect is not only in the training itself but also in the country. In Jiangxi Province and the whole Kuomintang, there is a deep-seated disadvantage of the whole Kuomintang. The training itself is the student's evasive training. The training time of the single section is too short. The training method has the disadvantages, the examination standard and the way are not scientific, the training result is not used enough, the quality of the lecturer does not The cause of the poor effect is that the ideology, the system of the Kuomintang, the policy of the cadres, the structure of the organization, the construction of the clean government, the level of education and the development of the education and the cadres
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K262.9
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