【摘要】：民國(guó)時(shí)期是中國(guó)由傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)過(guò)渡的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，青海蒙藏牧區(qū)在此背景下開始了近代化的進(jìn)程。青海蒙藏牧區(qū)設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)管理最早可追溯到漢代，清代打破了前代的羈縻政策，在蒙藏牧區(qū)推行盟旗制度和千百戶制度，也保留著一定的政教合一制度。在這樣制度下，地方社會(huì)實(shí)際上仍被土著上層控制，國(guó)家力量并不能有效延伸到地方基層社會(huì)中。民國(guó)時(shí)期為了改變這一局面，國(guó)民政府在蒙藏牧區(qū)設(shè)立了縣、設(shè)治局、行政督察區(qū)等，并且設(shè)立了一批下屬機(jī)構(gòu)和配套機(jī)構(gòu)，以期實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家權(quán)力在蒙藏牧區(qū)的進(jìn)一步深入和細(xì)化。國(guó)家也采取一系列措施保證縣政有效推行。這些政策取得了一定的效果。 但因民國(guó)時(shí)期戰(zhàn)亂頻繁的環(huán)境，青海落后的客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和國(guó)民政府的政策失誤等，青海蒙藏牧區(qū)縣政難以推行。幾百年形成的強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)力量及民眾對(duì)部落根深蒂固的認(rèn)同對(duì)國(guó)家力量形成了強(qiáng)大反彈，極力阻止國(guó)家力量深入地方，而且國(guó)家也需要依靠社會(huì)力量管理地方社會(huì)。整個(gè)民國(guó)時(shí)期，青海蒙藏牧區(qū)的縣等代表國(guó)家力量的基層機(jī)構(gòu)無(wú)法對(duì)地方社會(huì)有效地管理和服務(wù)，大部分權(quán)力還在原有的社會(huì)管理者——頭人和喇嘛手中。有時(shí)縣政府推行政令甚至需要借助軍隊(duì)或其他暴力，，即使這樣也無(wú)法長(zhǎng)期且有效地解決問(wèn)題。國(guó)民政府在縣政推行方面錯(cuò)失了機(jī)會(huì)，造成了許多歷史遺留問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The period of the Republic of China was the key period of China's transition from traditional society to modern society. Under this background, the Mongolian and Tibetan pastoral areas in Qinghai Province began the process of modernization. The management of Mongolian and Tibetan pastoral areas in Qinghai Province can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty broke the policy of Jimi of the previous generation and carried out the alliance flag system and the thousands of families system in the Mongolian and Tibetan pastoral areas, and also retained a certain system of unity of politics and religion. Under such a system, the local society is still controlled by the indigenous upper class, and the national power can not be effectively extended to the local grass-roots society. In order to change this situation during the period of the Republic of China, the national government set up counties, administrative bureaus, administrative inspection areas and so on in the pastoral areas of Mongolia and Tibet, and set up a number of subordinate bodies and supporting institutions. In order to realize the state power in the Mongolian and Tibetan pastoral areas of further deepening and refinement. The state has also adopted a series of measures to ensure the effective implementation of county government. These policies have had some effect. However, due to the frequent war in the Republic of China, the backward reality of Qinghai and the policy mistakes of the national government, it is difficult to carry out the county administration in the Mongolian, Tibetan and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province. The strong social forces formed over the centuries and the deep-rooted identity of the people to the tribes have strongly rebelled against the national forces, trying to prevent them from reaching the local level, and the state also needs to rely on the social forces to manage the local society. Throughout the period of the Republic of China, grass-roots organizations representing the national forces, such as counties in Mongolian-Tibetan pastoral areas of Qinghai Province, were unable to effectively manage and serve the local society, and most of the power was still in the hands of the original social managers, the head and the Lama. Sometimes county governments need to resort to military or other violence, even if they do not solve the problem in a long-term and effective way. The national government missed the opportunity to carry out county administration and caused many problems left over by history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D693;K258

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