論閻錫山的鄉(xiāng)村治理思想（1917-1928）
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-19 17:11
【摘要】：19世紀末20世紀初,地方自治思潮傳入中國,對當時的政治、經(jīng)濟、社會都產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。在研究區(qū)域現(xiàn)代化的學者眼中,近代山西是一處獨特的景致。1917年—1928年,閻錫山領導了一場具有廣泛政治和社會意義的村政改革和村治建設運動,史稱“山西村治”。在此期間,山西全省各地普遍建立了各種鄉(xiāng)村自治組織和制度,改變了清末民初以來山西鄉(xiāng)村制度混亂的局面。作為一個由政府推動的鄉(xiāng)村自治實踐,山西村治改革堅持了高效動員的行政傳統(tǒng),并且首次創(chuàng)設區(qū)鄉(xiāng)一級國家行政和具有自治與“官治”雙重性質的行政建制村,這種政治建構后來也被我們繼承和發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生了深遠的意義。以整合國家行政和鄉(xiāng)村自治為精神內核的山西村治運動,其主要歷史成就就是在探索建設現(xiàn)代的而又符合中國國情的地方行政體制機制方面取得了重大突破;同時,它也為閻錫山的地方統(tǒng)治奠定了穩(wěn)固的社會環(huán)境和較為雄厚的物質基礎,山西成為當時的“政治模范省”。經(jīng)過不斷演進,山西村制成為南京國民政府初期全國鄉(xiāng)村自治制度的藍本。 偉大的英國歷史哲學家柯林武德說:“一切歷史都是思想史”。閻錫山在山西推行的鄉(xiāng)村治理,既有章法和政策,也有制度方面的建設。這種治晉方略本身就是一種統(tǒng)治思想、一種管理思想。“思想是行為的先導”,山西村治改革深刻反映出閻錫山的鄉(xiāng)村治理思想,反映出時代歷史潮流對這位村治領軍人物的熏陶和感染。閻錫山這位山西村治領導人受到新文化運動的深刻影響。村治改革伴隨有新舊文化沖突,蘊藏著豐富的文化觀念的沖突與變遷。確切的說,山西村治建設是中西文化混合的產(chǎn)物,這場建設既萃取了20世紀新文化運動的諸多新鮮養(yǎng)分,受到了孫中山三民主義的影響,同時也繼承了傳統(tǒng)文化的許多精神內核。不可否認,山西村治具有制度創(chuàng)新的意義,值得歷史參考和借鑒。山西村治,既是閻錫山政治革新思想的反映,也是改革傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村的時代訴求。閻錫山提出的“用民政治”革新了封建社會的安民保守思想,而“民治主義的村本政治”,則超脫了清末以來實行地方自治必效日本的常軌。結合我國當前的社會主義新農(nóng)村建設進程和農(nóng)村基層民主建設歷程,研究閻錫山的鄉(xiāng)村治理思想,無疑具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the trend of local autonomy was introduced into China, which had a great influence on politics, economy and society at that time. In the eyes of scholars studying regional modernization, modern Shanxi is a unique scene. From 1917 to 1928, Yan Xishan led a political and social reform and village government construction movement, which was called "Shanxi village governance". During this period, various rural autonomous organizations and systems were generally established in Shanxi Province, which changed the chaotic situation of Shanxi rural system since the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. As a practice of rural autonomy promoted by the government, Shanxi Village Government Reform adheres to the administrative tradition of efficient mobilization, and for the first time establishes the administrative system of district and township level state administration and administrative system village with the dual nature of autonomy and "official governance". This kind of political construction is also inherited and developed by us, which has profound significance. The main historical achievement of the Shanxi Village Governance Movement, which takes the integration of national administration and rural autonomy as the spiritual core, is that it has made a great breakthrough in exploring and constructing the modern local administrative system and mechanism in accordance with China's national conditions. At the same time, it also laid a solid social environment and a relatively strong material foundation for Yan Xishan's local rule, and Shanxi became a "political model province" at that time. After continuous evolution, Shanxi Village system became the blueprint of the national village autonomy system in the early period of Nanjing National Government. "all history is the history of thought," said Collingwood, the great British philosopher of history. The rural governance carried out by Yan Xishan in Shanxi has not only the rules and policies, but also the construction of the system. This strategy of governing Jin Dynasty itself is a kind of ruling thought, a kind of management thought. "thought is the forerunner of behavior", Shanxi Village Government Reform deeply reflects Yan Xishan's thought of rural governance, and reflects the influence and influence of the historical trend of the times on the leader of the village government. Yan Xishan, the leader of Shanxi Village, was deeply influenced by the New Culture Movement. With the conflict of new and old culture, the reform of village government contains rich conflicts and changes of cultural concepts. To be exact, the construction of Shanxi Village Government is the product of a mixture of Chinese and Western cultures. This construction has not only extracted many fresh nutrients from the new cultural movement in the 20th century, but also has been influenced by Sun Zhongshan's three people's principles. At the same time, it also inherits many spiritual kernel of traditional culture. Undeniably, Shanxi Village Government has the significance of institutional innovation and is worthy of historical reference and reference. Shanxi Village Government is not only the reflection of Yan Xishan's thought of political innovation, but also the demand of the times of reforming traditional villages. Yan Xishan's "politics with the people" innovated the conservative thought of the people in the feudal society, while the "village-based politics of the rule of the people" transcended the common practice of local autonomy in Japan since the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is undoubtedly of great practical significance to study Yan Xishan's thought of rural governance in combination with the current process of socialist new rural construction and the course of rural grass-roots democratic construction.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K258
本文編號：2426694
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the trend of local autonomy was introduced into China, which had a great influence on politics, economy and society at that time. In the eyes of scholars studying regional modernization, modern Shanxi is a unique scene. From 1917 to 1928, Yan Xishan led a political and social reform and village government construction movement, which was called "Shanxi village governance". During this period, various rural autonomous organizations and systems were generally established in Shanxi Province, which changed the chaotic situation of Shanxi rural system since the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. As a practice of rural autonomy promoted by the government, Shanxi Village Government Reform adheres to the administrative tradition of efficient mobilization, and for the first time establishes the administrative system of district and township level state administration and administrative system village with the dual nature of autonomy and "official governance". This kind of political construction is also inherited and developed by us, which has profound significance. The main historical achievement of the Shanxi Village Governance Movement, which takes the integration of national administration and rural autonomy as the spiritual core, is that it has made a great breakthrough in exploring and constructing the modern local administrative system and mechanism in accordance with China's national conditions. At the same time, it also laid a solid social environment and a relatively strong material foundation for Yan Xishan's local rule, and Shanxi became a "political model province" at that time. After continuous evolution, Shanxi Village system became the blueprint of the national village autonomy system in the early period of Nanjing National Government. "all history is the history of thought," said Collingwood, the great British philosopher of history. The rural governance carried out by Yan Xishan in Shanxi has not only the rules and policies, but also the construction of the system. This strategy of governing Jin Dynasty itself is a kind of ruling thought, a kind of management thought. "thought is the forerunner of behavior", Shanxi Village Government Reform deeply reflects Yan Xishan's thought of rural governance, and reflects the influence and influence of the historical trend of the times on the leader of the village government. Yan Xishan, the leader of Shanxi Village, was deeply influenced by the New Culture Movement. With the conflict of new and old culture, the reform of village government contains rich conflicts and changes of cultural concepts. To be exact, the construction of Shanxi Village Government is the product of a mixture of Chinese and Western cultures. This construction has not only extracted many fresh nutrients from the new cultural movement in the 20th century, but also has been influenced by Sun Zhongshan's three people's principles. At the same time, it also inherits many spiritual kernel of traditional culture. Undeniably, Shanxi Village Government has the significance of institutional innovation and is worthy of historical reference and reference. Shanxi Village Government is not only the reflection of Yan Xishan's thought of political innovation, but also the demand of the times of reforming traditional villages. Yan Xishan's "politics with the people" innovated the conservative thought of the people in the feudal society, while the "village-based politics of the rule of the people" transcended the common practice of local autonomy in Japan since the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is undoubtedly of great practical significance to study Yan Xishan's thought of rural governance in combination with the current process of socialist new rural construction and the course of rural grass-roots democratic construction.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K258
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