【摘要】：遼河是遼寧兒女的母親河,千百年來給沿岸人民造福的同時(shí),也給沿岸人民造成了巨大的災(zāi)難。治理好遼河是利民于千秋萬代的工程,防洪堤壩建設(shè)是防治水患侵?jǐn)_最直接、最有效的水利工程。時(shí)間進(jìn)入到近代,遼河流域的堤防建設(shè)也進(jìn)入到了一個(gè)新的歷史時(shí)期。特別是民國(guó)以來遼河流域開始了大規(guī)模的水患治理和堤壩建設(shè)。本文研究界定的時(shí)限是1912～1931年間,通過分析這一時(shí)期遼河流域堤壩建設(shè)的情況;總結(jié)出堤壩建設(shè)呈現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn);也從堤壩建設(shè)中得到了重要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 文章主體從三個(gè)部分展開論述: 第一部分,主要是介紹民國(guó)時(shí)期遼河流域的水患及堤壩建設(shè)情況。其中包含五個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:首先,記述了歷史上嚴(yán)重的水患情況,其中重點(diǎn)描述了民國(guó)時(shí)期遼河流域兩次最為嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)。其次,敘述了從古代到近代的遼河流域的河道整治情況及其實(shí)際效果。再次,進(jìn)一步說明了近代水利和堤壩專門管理機(jī)構(gòu)的建立與相關(guān)管理制度的實(shí)施。另外,重點(diǎn)論述了這一時(shí)期遼河流域堤壩建設(shè)工程及存在的問題。最后,列舉了當(dāng)時(shí)堤壩建設(shè)中典型的糾紛及其解決的辦法。 第二部分,是文章的主要部分。通過前面的論述,重點(diǎn)分析了民國(guó)時(shí)期遼河流域堤壩建設(shè)的特點(diǎn)。分析總結(jié)出五大特點(diǎn):第一,說明了遼河流域從以疏浚為主的治理轉(zhuǎn)化為以防洪為主的堤壩建設(shè)。第二,闡明了民堤已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)時(shí)堤壩建設(shè)的主流。第三,進(jìn)一步說明了治水和利水相結(jié)合的理念已經(jīng)深入人心。第四,進(jìn)一步闡明了廣泛吸納近代堤壩建設(shè)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)對(duì)堤壩工程的重要性。第五,以奉天省城為例重點(diǎn)說明了以大城市為中心的堤壩建設(shè)體系已經(jīng)形成。 第三部分,是通過對(duì)民國(guó)時(shí)期遼河流域堤壩建設(shè)的研究而得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括:堤壩建設(shè)需貫徹治水和利水統(tǒng)籌兼顧的思想;并要完善民間自我管理與維護(hù)的制度;同時(shí)堤壩建設(shè)更需要資金的多元化籌集。 總的來說,遼河流域的堤壩建設(shè)是一項(xiàng)既長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)又系統(tǒng)的工程,是需要一代一代人不懈的努力。無論是古代遼河流域人民修筑簡(jiǎn)單的堤防;還是晚清政府系統(tǒng)的修筑堤壩:還是民國(guó)時(shí)期的政府和民眾大力的疏浚河道、修筑堤防。更不管各個(gè)時(shí)期堤壩建設(shè)的成果如何,防災(zāi)效果好壞,都是值得我們總結(jié)和借鑒的,這些都是一筆寶貴的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和財(cái)富。相信遼河流域防洪前景會(huì)更加美好,堤防工程也將更加穩(wěn)固。
[Abstract]:Liaohe River is the mother river of Liaoning's sons and daughters. It is the most direct and effective water conservancy project to manage Liaohe River well, and flood control dam construction is the most direct and effective water conservancy project. In modern times, the levee construction of Liaohe River Basin has entered a new historical period. Especially since the Republic of China, the Liaohe River Basin began a large-scale flood control and dam construction. The time limit of this paper is 1912 ~ 1931. By analyzing the situation of levee construction in Liaohe River basin during this period, the characteristics of dike construction are summarized, and the important experience is obtained from the construction of dike. The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part mainly introduces the flood and dike construction of Liaohe River basin in the period of the Republic of China. It includes five aspects: firstly, the serious flood situation in history is described, in which the two most serious floods in Liaohe River Basin during the period of the Republic of China are described emphatically. Secondly, the river regulation from ancient to modern times in Liaohe River Basin and its practical effect are described. Thirdly, it further explains the establishment of modern water conservancy and dyke management institution and the implementation of relevant management system. In addition, the construction project of levee and dam in Liaohe River Basin and the existing problems are discussed emphatically in this period. At last, the typical disputes in dike construction and their solutions are listed. The second part is the main part of the article. The characteristics of the levee construction in the Liaohe River Basin during the period of the Republic of China are analyzed. Five characteristics are analyzed and summed up: first, it shows that the Liaohe River basin is transformed from dredging to flood control. Secondly, it clarifies that the embankment has become the mainstream of dike construction at that time. Third, further explained that the combination of water management and water has been deeply rooted in the people's mind. Fourthly, the importance of absorbing the advanced technology of modern dike construction is further expounded. Fifthly, taking Fengtian provincial capital as an example, the paper emphasizes that the dyke construction system with big city as its center has been formed. The third part, through the study of the Liaohe river basin dike construction in the Republic of China. The main experiences are as follows: the construction of dikes and dams should carry out the thought of water control and water benefit, and the system of folk self-management and maintenance should be perfected; at the same time, the construction of dikes and dams need to raise more funds. In general, the construction of levees in Liaohe River Basin is a long-term and systematic project, which requires a generation's unremitting efforts. Whether the ancient Liaohe River basin people built simple levees or the late Qing government system to build dikes: or the government and the people of the Republic of China vigorously dredged the river, built levees. No matter what the achievements of dike construction in every period and the effect of disaster prevention are worth summing up and using for reference. These are valuable historical experiences and wealth. Liaohe River basin flood control prospects will be more beautiful, embankment engineering will be more stable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K258

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