【摘要】：在抗戰(zhàn)相持階段最艱苦的1942-1943年,河南發(fā)生了震驚中外的大饑荒。河南省啟動(dòng)了勘災(zāi)和報(bào)災(zāi)機(jī)制,向中央請(qǐng)求賑濟(jì)并減免軍糧征實(shí)征購任務(wù)。中央政府始出于對(duì)地方報(bào)災(zāi)請(qǐng)賑的不信任和抗戰(zhàn)全局的考量,對(duì)河南災(zāi)荒的介入較慢。圍繞軍糧減免,地方與中央以及各部委之間討價(jià)還價(jià)、縱橫捭闔,凸現(xiàn)了抗戰(zhàn)與賑災(zāi)、征糧與撥款、中央調(diào)控與地方自籌、災(zāi)區(qū)與鄰省以及黨、政、軍、民多維之間異趨共振的復(fù)雜利益格局。媒體尤其是外媒的干預(yù),加速了中央賑災(zāi)體制的運(yùn)作。國民政府最終采取了救災(zāi)和正面宣傳交叉運(yùn)用的兩手策略化解了其統(tǒng)治合法性危機(jī)。究其原因,從賑災(zāi)社會(huì)化到政治化體現(xiàn)了近代國家統(tǒng)一和集權(quán)的進(jìn)程。窺其利弊,大政府救災(zāi)體制的形成具有一體兩面辯證的雙重性特征。
[Abstract]:In 1942-1943, the toughest stage of the War of Resistance against Japan, Henan had a great famine that shocked both China and China. Henan Province initiated the mechanism of disaster prospecting and reporting, and asked the central government for relief and relief from the task of collecting and purchasing military grain. Due to the distrust of local disaster relief and the overall situation of anti-Japanese war, the central government began to intervene slowly in Henan famine. Focusing on the reduction and reduction of military grain, bargaining between the local authorities and the central authorities and between the ministries and commissions, the war of resistance and disaster relief, the collection of grain and grants, the central control and local self-financing, the disaster areas and neighbouring provinces, and the party, government, and army have been highlighted. The complex interest pattern of the different resonance between the people and the multi-dimensional. The intervention of the media, especially foreign media, has accelerated the operation of the central disaster relief system. Finally, the National Government adopted the two-hand strategy of disaster relief and positive propaganda to resolve its legitimacy crisis. The reason, from the socialization of disaster relief to the politicization, embodies the process of national unification and centralization in modern times. In view of its advantages and disadvantages, the formation of large-government disaster relief system has two-sided dialectical dual characteristics.
【作者單位】： 上海立信會(huì)計(jì)金融學(xué)院馬克思主義學(xué)院;上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)社科學(xué)院;
【基金】：2013年度中共上海市教育衛(wèi)生工作委員會(huì)、上海市教育委員會(huì)、上海市教育發(fā)展基金會(huì)“陽光計(jì)劃”《啟示與借鑒:災(zāi)害政治學(xué)視閾下的國民政府荒政研究》(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):13YG08) 2011年度國家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目《民國時(shí)期救災(zāi)機(jī)制研究》(批準(zhǔn)號(hào)為11CZS039)的資助
【分類號(hào)】：K265
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本文編號(hào)：2400925