晚清官員謚號研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-22 08:37
【摘要】： 謚法制度是西周中期統(tǒng)治者接收流行于民間與貴族中的謚號現(xiàn)象確立的禮法制度,在春秋戰(zhàn)國間被儒家改造接收,用以挽救禮崩樂壞的社會。自此,除秦朝一代廢除謚法制度外,歷朝歷代都接收并使用謚法制度,并且加以演化,宋朝蘇洵在總結(jié)前人經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上編著了《謚法》一書,從而為后來歷代王朝確立謚法制度提供了一個重要依據(jù)。明代廢除了惡謚,但保留了惡謚的制度,而清代自建立以后,在繼承明代謚法制度的同時,從制度上廢除了惡謚。 晚清官員包含了有皇族背景的官員,即王大臣的謚法制度,以及一般官員的謚法制度。從橫向比較晚清各個時期官員得謚的情況,到縱向比較清代中前期與晚清官員得謚的區(qū)別,可以看出晚清官員得謚的特點。從橫向比較可以看出,晚清官員得謚者凡是處理國內(nèi)外事務(wù)能力強的官員受到打壓,雖然死后得到了謚號,甚至是美謚,但這主要是從平衡官場上各種勢力之間關(guān)系的角度考慮的；同時,能力平庸的官員也得到了謚號,他們得謚的原因是得到了統(tǒng)治者的寵信。而民國時期得謚官員是因為清廢帝希望借此挽回失去的王朝�？v向比較得到的特點是,晚清得謚官員大大增加,特別三品以下的官員大大增加,而文臣從軍,有更多的文官得到武將才得到的謚號。這些都根源于滿族的衰落和漢族的復(fù)興。
[Abstract]:Posthumous title system was established by the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty to receive the posthumous title in the folk and aristocrats. It was reformed by Confucianism between the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period to save the broken society. Since then, except for the abolition of posthumous title system in the Qin Dynasty, successive dynasties have received and used posthumous title system and evolved it. On the basis of summing up the previous experience, Su Xun compiled a book on posthumous title and law. It provided an important basis for the later dynasties to establish posthumous title and law system. The Ming Dynasty abolished the posthumous title but retained the system of evil posthumous title. The officials of the late Qing Dynasty included the posthumous system of the royal family, namely the royal minister, and the posthumous system of the general officials. From the horizontal comparison of the posthumous title of officials in the late Qing Dynasty to the vertical comparison of the posthumous title of the officials in the middle and early Qing dynasties, we can see the characteristics of the posthumous title of the officials in the late Qing Dynasty. From the horizontal comparison, it can be seen that officials who were given posthumous titles in the late Qing Dynasty who had strong ability in handling domestic and foreign affairs were suppressed, although they were given posthumous titles after their death, even the posthumous title of the United States. But this is mainly considered from the angle of balancing the relations between various forces on the official field; At the same time, mediocre officials also received posthumous title, they won posthumous because of the favor of the ruler. During the Republic of China, officials gained posthumous title because the Qing Dynasty wanted to recover the lost dynasty. The characteristic of longitudinal comparison is that the number of posthumous officials in the late Qing Dynasty increased greatly, especially the officials under three articles increased greatly, and more civil servants were given the posthumous title of "martial general" when they joined the army. These are rooted in the decline of Manchu and the revival of Han nationality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K252
本文編號：2389581
[Abstract]:Posthumous title system was established by the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty to receive the posthumous title in the folk and aristocrats. It was reformed by Confucianism between the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period to save the broken society. Since then, except for the abolition of posthumous title system in the Qin Dynasty, successive dynasties have received and used posthumous title system and evolved it. On the basis of summing up the previous experience, Su Xun compiled a book on posthumous title and law. It provided an important basis for the later dynasties to establish posthumous title and law system. The Ming Dynasty abolished the posthumous title but retained the system of evil posthumous title. The officials of the late Qing Dynasty included the posthumous system of the royal family, namely the royal minister, and the posthumous system of the general officials. From the horizontal comparison of the posthumous title of officials in the late Qing Dynasty to the vertical comparison of the posthumous title of the officials in the middle and early Qing dynasties, we can see the characteristics of the posthumous title of the officials in the late Qing Dynasty. From the horizontal comparison, it can be seen that officials who were given posthumous titles in the late Qing Dynasty who had strong ability in handling domestic and foreign affairs were suppressed, although they were given posthumous titles after their death, even the posthumous title of the United States. But this is mainly considered from the angle of balancing the relations between various forces on the official field; At the same time, mediocre officials also received posthumous title, they won posthumous because of the favor of the ruler. During the Republic of China, officials gained posthumous title because the Qing Dynasty wanted to recover the lost dynasty. The characteristic of longitudinal comparison is that the number of posthumous officials in the late Qing Dynasty increased greatly, especially the officials under three articles increased greatly, and more civil servants were given the posthumous title of "martial general" when they joined the army. These are rooted in the decline of Manchu and the revival of Han nationality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K252
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