【摘要】：新中國(guó)成立后,河北省通過(guò)水井建設(shè)，有效改善了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件，提高了農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量。本文運(yùn)用大量館藏檔案史料，研究20世紀(jì)50-80年代河北省農(nóng)用水井建設(shè)的歷史，探討井灌對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的影響。 除前言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外，本文分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分，，探討新中國(guó)建立前后河北省的水井情況、打井技術(shù)、地下水資源、農(nóng)田井灌面積以及因井灌落后而導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量低下的歷史。 第二部分，考察了河北地區(qū)20世紀(jì)50-80年代打井歷程，井灌技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、提水工具的現(xiàn)代化，并梳理研究水井建設(shè)過(guò)程中存在的問題及其對(duì)策。 第三部分，分析水井建設(shè)與鹽堿地的治理，探討井灌與河北省農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。隨著井灌農(nóng)田面積的擴(kuò)大，河北糧棉產(chǎn)量躍上了一個(gè)新臺(tái)階。 第四部分，論述了水井建設(shè)的成效與得失。主要探討了群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)水井建設(shè)的沖擊，地下水資源過(guò)量開采引發(fā)的區(qū)域性環(huán)境問題，水井建設(shè)與河北經(jīng)濟(jì)民生，新時(shí)代下的打井觀。 本文認(rèn)為，對(duì)20世紀(jì)50-80年代河北省水井建設(shè)的研究，必須從自然和人文科學(xué)出發(fā)，進(jìn)行交叉綜合探討。既看到群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)式的打井模式下的合理性和科學(xué)性，以及它對(duì)河北省農(nóng)業(yè)以致民生起到的巨大作用；同時(shí)看到這種打井模式對(duì)生態(tài)的破壞也是巨大的，特別是對(duì)民眾的心態(tài)以及地下水問題。采用行政手段，依靠群眾性打井運(yùn)動(dòng)，盲目開采地下水資源，勢(shì)必誘發(fā)和加劇區(qū)域性干化和形成地下水漏斗現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致水資源匱乏，生態(tài)失衡。打井、井灌不能只片面追求農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量的提高，而要考慮到區(qū)域的生態(tài)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在水井建設(shè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)中樹立新時(shí)代的打井觀。
[Abstract]:After the founding of New China, Hebei Province effectively improved the agricultural production conditions and crop yield through the construction of wells. This paper studies the history of agricultural well construction in Hebei Province in the 50-80 's of the 20th century by using a large number of archival historical materials and probes into the influence of well irrigation on the development of regional economy and society. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part discusses the situation of wells, drilling techniques, groundwater resources in Hebei Province before and after the founding of New China. The area of well irrigation in farmland and the history of low agricultural output due to the backwardness of well irrigation. In the second part, the well drilling process, well irrigation technology innovation and the modernization of water lifting tools in Hebei region in the 50-80 's were investigated, and the existing problems and countermeasures in the process of well construction were combed out. In the third part, the relationship between well irrigation and crop yield growth in Hebei Province is discussed. With the expansion of well-irrigated farmland, Hebei grain and cotton production jumped to a new level. The fourth part, discussed the effect and gain and loss of well construction. This paper mainly discusses the impact of mass movement on the construction of wells, the regional environmental problems caused by excessive exploitation of groundwater resources, the well construction and the people's livelihood in Hebei Province, and the concept of drilling wells in the new era. This paper holds that the study of well construction in Hebei Province in the 50-80 's of the 20th century must proceed from the natural and human sciences and carry out a comprehensive cross-discussion. It not only shows the rationality and science of the well drilling mode of mass movement, but also plays a great role in agriculture and people's livelihood in Hebei Province. At the same time, the ecological damage caused by this well drilling model is also great, especially the mentality of the people and the groundwater problem. The phenomenon of regional drying and groundwater funnel will be induced and aggravated by using administrative means and relying on the mass well drilling movement to blindly exploit groundwater resources, which will lead to water scarcity and ecological imbalance. Well drilling, well irrigation should not only pursue the improvement of agricultural production, but also take into account the sustainable development of regional ecological environment. Set up the view of drilling well in the new era in the experience and lesson of well construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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