【摘要】：本文以赫德任中國(guó)海關(guān)總稅務(wù)司時(shí)期(1863-1911)近50年的大歷史為背景,論述晚清燈塔建設(shè)及其相關(guān)問(wèn)題。這一歷史時(shí)期正處在封建制度的末期,清王朝一步步走向衰亡并作垂死掙扎,而西方正處在資本主義發(fā)展上升期。近代中國(guó)燈塔正是這兩種制度沖突的產(chǎn)物,它們由外國(guó)人把持的海關(guān)全權(quán)負(fù)責(zé),充分吸收了資本主義世界先進(jìn)的技術(shù),卻建在中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土上。文章主要以這一時(shí)期海關(guān)如何建設(shè)和管理的助航設(shè)施、建設(shè)的概況及在其中所蘊(yùn)藏的矛盾沖突為主要內(nèi)容,探索這些助航設(shè)施所取到的實(shí)際效果及其對(duì)近代社會(huì)所產(chǎn)生的影響。全文主要分為六部分。 第一部分：緒論,主要闡述論文研究緣起、選題意義、研究方法,并對(duì)文中運(yùn)用到的主要理論和核心概念進(jìn)行梳理； 第二部分：第一章,主要從兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述,一是中國(guó)早期的引航設(shè)施,從以自然為標(biāo)識(shí)到人工標(biāo)識(shí)這一歷史過(guò)程及管理；二是近代中國(guó)民眾自建燈塔的概況； 第三部分：第二章,主要介紹燈塔建設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)船鈔部的建立及衍變；燈塔的建設(shè)經(jīng)費(fèi)船鈔的管理；燈塔管理的人事制度及事務(wù)制度； 第四部分：第三章,主要闡述燈塔建設(shè)的全面開(kāi)展的情況,以及沿海燈塔沿革大概部署；另外是解析燈塔建設(shè)中矛盾糾紛及協(xié)調(diào)； 第五部分：第四章,主要是闡述了燈塔的建設(shè)所帶來(lái)的影響,燈塔不僅是航標(biāo),還是近代貿(mào)易、城市發(fā)展的標(biāo)志,更是開(kāi)放利用海洋的象征； 第六部分：結(jié)語(yǔ),從技術(shù)層次剖析中國(guó)的近代化,近代燈塔建設(shè)是晚清社會(huì)近代化不可缺少的部分。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the lighthouse construction and its related problems in the late Qing Dynasty against the background of the nearly 50 years' history of Hurd as the General Department of Customs and Taxation of China (1863-1911). At the end of the feudal system, the Qing Dynasty was dying step by step, while the West was in the period of capitalist development. The lighthouse of modern China is the product of the conflict of these two systems. They are wholly responsible for the customs under the control of foreigners and fully absorb the advanced technology of the capitalist world, but they are built on the territory of China. In this paper, the main contents of this period are how to build and manage the navigation aid facilities, the general situation of the construction and the contradictions and conflicts contained therein, to explore the actual effects of these facilities and their influence on the modern society. The full text is divided into six parts. The first part: introduction, mainly expatiating the origin of the thesis research, the significance of the topic, the research method, and combing the main theories and core concepts used in the paper; The second part: the first chapter, mainly from two aspects, one is the early pilotage facilities in China, from the natural marking to the artificial marking of the historical process and management, the second is the general situation of modern Chinese people building lighthouse; The second chapter mainly introduces the establishment and evolution of the phare building organization, the management of the lighthouse construction funds, the personnel system and affairs system of lighthouse management. The fourth part: the third chapter, mainly expounds the overall development of lighthouse construction, as well as the coastal lighthouse evolution of the general arrangement, in addition to the analysis of contradictions and disputes in the lighthouse construction and coordination; The fifth part: the fourth chapter, mainly elaborated the lighthouse construction brings the influence, the lighthouse is not only the navigation mark, but also the symbol of the modern trade, the city development, but also the symbol of the open use of the sea; The sixth part: conclusion, from the technical level analysis of China's modernization, modern lighthouse construction is an indispensable part of the social modernization of the late Qing Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K252

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