革命和協(xié)商的雙重奏：中國特色的建國模式（1945-1949）
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-06 16:59
【摘要】： 抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,中國社會面臨向何處去的問題。當時,活躍在中國政治舞臺的國民黨、共產(chǎn)黨和民主黨派對此提出了自己的主張,經(jīng)過重慶談判和政治協(xié)商會議的民主協(xié)商,最終形成了民主聯(lián)合建國的時代最強音。正當全國人民因看到民主的曙光而歡呼雀躍時,國共之間全面內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),民主如曇花一現(xiàn),國人再次踏上了追尋民主的征途。之后,隨著戰(zhàn)爭形勢不斷往前推進,取得軍事優(yōu)勢的中共發(fā)出建立民主聯(lián)合政府的“五一口號”,至此,民主建國議題再次提上日程,最終以中國人民政治協(xié)商會議為組織載體,以《共同綱領(lǐng)》為臨時憲法,選舉成立了中央人民政府,一個多世紀的屈辱和傷痛終于劃上了句號。 本文即是以這一歷史過程為史實依托,在回顧民主建國的崢嶸歲月中探索中華人民共和國建立的中國特色。實際上,關(guān)于這一過程,在剝?nèi)v史細節(jié)之后,我們可以看到一條簡明的脈絡,即新中國是中國共產(chǎn)黨在取得對國民黨軍事勝利的基礎(chǔ)上與當時國內(nèi)各民主力量通過政治協(xié)商會議的形式建立起來的；就性質(zhì)而言,屬于新民主主義的政權(quán)形式。對于一個馬克思主義政黨來說,這一建國路徑及政權(quán)性質(zhì)無疑具有鮮明的中國特色。鑒于此,本文將此建國路徑概括為“中國特色的建國模式”,并在這一思維框架下,探討中華人民共和國建立的中國特色,并嘗試著分析中國特色建國模式形成的原因以及對當代政治發(fā)展的價值。 通過對歷史的梳理與研究表明,中華人民共和國建立的特色在于三個方面。第一是武裝斗爭與政治協(xié)商并舉的建國程序。武裝斗爭的勝利決定了民主建國領(lǐng)導權(quán)的歸屬,在此基礎(chǔ)上的政治協(xié)商會議則為新中國構(gòu)建了合法性基礎(chǔ)。第二是中共與非武裝的民主黨派的聯(lián)合執(zhí)政方式,這是不同于蘇聯(lián)等社會主義國家執(zhí)政方式的一大特色。第三是新民主主義的政權(quán)性質(zhì)。作為一個馬克思主義政黨,在革命勝利之后建立起新民主主義的過渡政權(quán),是一種妥協(xié),更是一種智慧。中國特色建國模式的內(nèi)涵即體現(xiàn)為上述三個方面,它的形成是國內(nèi)外政治、經(jīng)濟和社會等多種歷史力量共同作用的結(jié)果,對中國現(xiàn)實政治的發(fā)展具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, Chinese society was faced with the question of where to go. At that time, the Kuomintang, the Communist Party and the democratic parties, which were active on the Chinese political stage, put forward their own views on this issue. After the democratic negotiation in Chongqing and the political Consultative Conference, the era of democracy United and founding finally came into being. Just when the people of the whole country cheered at the dawn of democracy, the full-scale civil war broke out between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and democracy was a flash in the pan, and the Chinese people once again embarked on the quest for democracy. Later, as the war situation continued to move forward, the Chinese Communists, who had gained military superiority, issued the "May 1st slogan" for the establishment of a democratic coalition government. At this point, the issue of democratic nation-building was once again on the agenda. Finally, with the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference as the organizational carrier and the "Common Program" as the interim constitution, the Central people's Government was elected and established, and the humiliation and pain of more than a century were finally brought to an end. Based on this historical process, this paper explores the Chinese characteristics of the people's Republic of China in the eventful years of reviewing the democratic foundation of the people's Republic of China. In fact, after stripping away the details of history, we can see a concise thread about this process. That is, New China was established by the Communist Party of China on the basis of military victory over the Kuomintang and various democratic forces at that time through the form of political consultation meeting. As far as its nature is concerned, it belongs to the form of new democratic regime. For a Marxist political party, this path and the nature of political power undoubtedly have distinct Chinese characteristics. In view of this, this article generalizes this path of founding a nation as "the mode of founding a nation with Chinese characteristics", and under this thinking frame, probes into the Chinese characteristics established by the people's Republic of China. And try to analyze the formation of the model with Chinese characteristics and the value of contemporary political development. The history of the people's Republic of China is characterized by three aspects. The first is the state-building procedure, in which armed struggle and political consultation go hand in hand. The victory of armed struggle determines the ownership of the leadership of democratic nation-building, and the political Consultative Conference on this basis establishes the legitimacy foundation for New China. The second is the combination of the Communist Party of China and the unarmed democratic parties, which is different from the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. The third is the nature of the new democratic regime. As a Marxist political party, it is a compromise and wisdom to establish a transitional regime of new democracy after the victory of the revolution. The connotation of the model of founding a nation with Chinese characteristics is embodied in the above three aspects, and its formation is the result of the joint action of various historical forces at home and abroad, such as politics, economy and society, which is of great significance to the development of Chinese realistic politics.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K27
本文編號：2366355
[Abstract]:After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, Chinese society was faced with the question of where to go. At that time, the Kuomintang, the Communist Party and the democratic parties, which were active on the Chinese political stage, put forward their own views on this issue. After the democratic negotiation in Chongqing and the political Consultative Conference, the era of democracy United and founding finally came into being. Just when the people of the whole country cheered at the dawn of democracy, the full-scale civil war broke out between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and democracy was a flash in the pan, and the Chinese people once again embarked on the quest for democracy. Later, as the war situation continued to move forward, the Chinese Communists, who had gained military superiority, issued the "May 1st slogan" for the establishment of a democratic coalition government. At this point, the issue of democratic nation-building was once again on the agenda. Finally, with the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference as the organizational carrier and the "Common Program" as the interim constitution, the Central people's Government was elected and established, and the humiliation and pain of more than a century were finally brought to an end. Based on this historical process, this paper explores the Chinese characteristics of the people's Republic of China in the eventful years of reviewing the democratic foundation of the people's Republic of China. In fact, after stripping away the details of history, we can see a concise thread about this process. That is, New China was established by the Communist Party of China on the basis of military victory over the Kuomintang and various democratic forces at that time through the form of political consultation meeting. As far as its nature is concerned, it belongs to the form of new democratic regime. For a Marxist political party, this path and the nature of political power undoubtedly have distinct Chinese characteristics. In view of this, this article generalizes this path of founding a nation as "the mode of founding a nation with Chinese characteristics", and under this thinking frame, probes into the Chinese characteristics established by the people's Republic of China. And try to analyze the formation of the model with Chinese characteristics and the value of contemporary political development. The history of the people's Republic of China is characterized by three aspects. The first is the state-building procedure, in which armed struggle and political consultation go hand in hand. The victory of armed struggle determines the ownership of the leadership of democratic nation-building, and the political Consultative Conference on this basis establishes the legitimacy foundation for New China. The second is the combination of the Communist Party of China and the unarmed democratic parties, which is different from the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. The third is the nature of the new democratic regime. As a Marxist political party, it is a compromise and wisdom to establish a transitional regime of new democracy after the victory of the revolution. The connotation of the model of founding a nation with Chinese characteristics is embodied in the above three aspects, and its formation is the result of the joint action of various historical forces at home and abroad, such as politics, economy and society, which is of great significance to the development of Chinese realistic politics.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K27
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 賈淑文;建立民主聯(lián)合政府的主張公開提出的原因[J];吉林師范學院學報;1996年04期
2 韋偉強;;“北京共識”與中國模式的分野[J];長白學刊;2008年05期
3 李玲波;淺析國共兩黨關(guān)于“聯(lián)合政府”之爭[J];楚雄師專學報;2000年01期
4 李玲波;;論國民黨拒絕中共聯(lián)合政府主張的原因[J];楚雄師范學院學報;2009年01期
5 翟昌民;中共七大提出“建立聯(lián)合政府”是戰(zhàn)略目標還是策略口號[J];黨的文獻;2004年03期
6 王軍;閻治才;;1936—1945年中國共產(chǎn)黨的“民主共和國”主張論析[J];東北師大學報(哲學社會科學版);2007年02期
7 嚴志才;中國共產(chǎn)黨的“聯(lián)合政府”口號內(nèi)涵的演變[J];東北師大學報;1998年05期
8 梁星亮;宋煒;;試論中共在延安時期局部執(zhí)政中構(gòu)建和諧社會的實踐和經(jīng)驗[J];黨史研究與教學;2006年04期
9 沈志華;;斯大林的“聯(lián)合政府”政策及其結(jié)局(上)(1944-1947)[J];俄羅斯研究;2007年05期
10 沈志華;;斯大林的“聯(lián)合政府”政策及其結(jié)局(下)[J];俄羅斯研究;2007年06期
相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前6條
1 陳梅;羅斯福總統(tǒng)“國共聯(lián)合政府”構(gòu)想的出臺及其實施評析[D];山東師范大學;2004年
2 林林;試論解放戰(zhàn)爭時期“中間路線”的歷史演變[D];東北師范大學;2005年
3 劉愛國;抗戰(zhàn)時期中共陜甘寧邊區(qū)執(zhí)政實驗及現(xiàn)實思考[D];山東師范大學;2006年
4 朱艷玲;中國共產(chǎn)黨人對社會發(fā)展模式的探索及啟示[D];西安理工大學;2007年
5 林紅明;張君勱與中間路線研究（1887-1946）[D];揚州大學;2007年
6 田頌文;論“聯(lián)合政府”主張在民主憲政運動中的承啟作用[D];陜西師范大學;2008年
，本文編號：2366355
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/zgjxds/2366355.html
