【摘要】： 抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,中國(guó)社會(huì)面臨向何處去的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)時(shí),活躍在中國(guó)政治舞臺(tái)的國(guó)民黨、共產(chǎn)黨和民主黨派對(duì)此提出了自己的主張,經(jīng)過(guò)重慶談判和政治協(xié)商會(huì)議的民主協(xié)商,最終形成了民主聯(lián)合建國(guó)的時(shí)代最強(qiáng)音。正當(dāng)全國(guó)人民因看到民主的曙光而歡呼雀躍時(shí),國(guó)共之間全面內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),民主如曇花一現(xiàn),國(guó)人再次踏上了追尋民主的征途。之后,隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)不斷往前推進(jìn),取得軍事優(yōu)勢(shì)的中共發(fā)出建立民主聯(lián)合政府的“五一口號(hào)”,至此,民主建國(guó)議題再次提上日程,最終以中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議為組織載體,以《共同綱領(lǐng)》為臨時(shí)憲法,選舉成立了中央人民政府,一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的屈辱和傷痛終于劃上了句號(hào)。 本文即是以這一歷史過(guò)程為史實(shí)依托,在回顧民主建國(guó)的崢嶸歲月中探索中華人民共和國(guó)建立的中國(guó)特色。實(shí)際上,關(guān)于這一過(guò)程,在剝?nèi)v史細(xì)節(jié)之后,我們可以看到一條簡(jiǎn)明的脈絡(luò),即新中國(guó)是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在取得對(duì)國(guó)民黨軍事勝利的基礎(chǔ)上與當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)各民主力量通過(guò)政治協(xié)商會(huì)議的形式建立起來(lái)的；就性質(zhì)而言,屬于新民主主義的政權(quán)形式。對(duì)于一個(gè)馬克思主義政黨來(lái)說(shuō),這一建國(guó)路徑及政權(quán)性質(zhì)無(wú)疑具有鮮明的中國(guó)特色。鑒于此,本文將此建國(guó)路徑概括為“中國(guó)特色的建國(guó)模式”,并在這一思維框架下,探討中華人民共和國(guó)建立的中國(guó)特色,并嘗試著分析中國(guó)特色建國(guó)模式形成的原因以及對(duì)當(dāng)代政治發(fā)展的價(jià)值。 通過(guò)對(duì)歷史的梳理與研究表明,中華人民共和國(guó)建立的特色在于三個(gè)方面。第一是武裝斗爭(zhēng)與政治協(xié)商并舉的建國(guó)程序。武裝斗爭(zhēng)的勝利決定了民主建國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)的歸屬,在此基礎(chǔ)上的政治協(xié)商會(huì)議則為新中國(guó)構(gòu)建了合法性基礎(chǔ)。第二是中共與非武裝的民主黨派的聯(lián)合執(zhí)政方式,這是不同于蘇聯(lián)等社會(huì)主義國(guó)家執(zhí)政方式的一大特色。第三是新民主主義的政權(quán)性質(zhì)。作為一個(gè)馬克思主義政黨,在革命勝利之后建立起新民主主義的過(guò)渡政權(quán),是一種妥協(xié),更是一種智慧。中國(guó)特色建國(guó)模式的內(nèi)涵即體現(xiàn)為上述三個(gè)方面,它的形成是國(guó)內(nèi)外政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)等多種歷史力量共同作用的結(jié)果,對(duì)中國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)政治的發(fā)展具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, Chinese society was faced with the question of where to go. At that time, the Kuomintang, the Communist Party and the democratic parties, which were active on the Chinese political stage, put forward their own views on this issue. After the democratic negotiation in Chongqing and the political Consultative Conference, the era of democracy United and founding finally came into being. Just when the people of the whole country cheered at the dawn of democracy, the full-scale civil war broke out between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and democracy was a flash in the pan, and the Chinese people once again embarked on the quest for democracy. Later, as the war situation continued to move forward, the Chinese Communists, who had gained military superiority, issued the "May 1st slogan" for the establishment of a democratic coalition government. At this point, the issue of democratic nation-building was once again on the agenda. Finally, with the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference as the organizational carrier and the "Common Program" as the interim constitution, the Central people's Government was elected and established, and the humiliation and pain of more than a century were finally brought to an end. Based on this historical process, this paper explores the Chinese characteristics of the people's Republic of China in the eventful years of reviewing the democratic foundation of the people's Republic of China. In fact, after stripping away the details of history, we can see a concise thread about this process. That is, New China was established by the Communist Party of China on the basis of military victory over the Kuomintang and various democratic forces at that time through the form of political consultation meeting. As far as its nature is concerned, it belongs to the form of new democratic regime. For a Marxist political party, this path and the nature of political power undoubtedly have distinct Chinese characteristics. In view of this, this article generalizes this path of founding a nation as "the mode of founding a nation with Chinese characteristics", and under this thinking frame, probes into the Chinese characteristics established by the people's Republic of China. And try to analyze the formation of the model with Chinese characteristics and the value of contemporary political development. The history of the people's Republic of China is characterized by three aspects. The first is the state-building procedure, in which armed struggle and political consultation go hand in hand. The victory of armed struggle determines the ownership of the leadership of democratic nation-building, and the political Consultative Conference on this basis establishes the legitimacy foundation for New China. The second is the combination of the Communist Party of China and the unarmed democratic parties, which is different from the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. The third is the nature of the new democratic regime. As a Marxist political party, it is a compromise and wisdom to establish a transitional regime of new democracy after the victory of the revolution. The connotation of the model of founding a nation with Chinese characteristics is embodied in the above three aspects, and its formation is the result of the joint action of various historical forces at home and abroad, such as politics, economy and society, which is of great significance to the development of Chinese realistic politics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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