近代華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-15 09:54
【摘要】：鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)標(biāo)志著中國(guó)近代史的開(kāi)端。古老的中國(guó)自邁入近代的門檻,各個(gè)方面都發(fā)生了顯著的變化。慈善事業(yè)作為社會(huì)生活不可或缺的一部分,在這種大的環(huán)境下,也面臨著前所未有的嬗變。華南作為中國(guó)的一個(gè)區(qū)域,由于其獨(dú)特的環(huán)境,慈善事業(yè)的變化表現(xiàn)的則更為明顯。本文試圖結(jié)合近代社會(huì)變遷這個(gè)大環(huán)境,對(duì)1840—1949年華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的興起背景、發(fā)展進(jìn)程、時(shí)代特征及其社會(huì)影響作一個(gè)全面、系統(tǒng)的研究,進(jìn)而揭示出慈善事業(yè)與社會(huì)變遷的相互關(guān)系。全文共三大部分： 第一部分分析了近代華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)興起的背景。背景的分析從兩個(gè)方面展開(kāi)：自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境。自然環(huán)境涉及地理因素和氣候因素兩個(gè)方面,通過(guò)對(duì)自然環(huán)境的分析,讓我們很好的理解了慈善事業(yè)在近代華南地區(qū)興起的必要性；社會(huì)環(huán)境涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化三個(gè)方面,通過(guò)對(duì)社會(huì)環(huán)境的分析,讓我們明確了慈善事業(yè)在近代華南地區(qū)興起的可能性。華南地區(qū)正是由于具備了慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展的必要性和可能性,從而造就了近代華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的大放異彩。 第二部分對(duì)近代華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)110年的發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行了階段性考察。根據(jù)近代政治格局的重大變動(dòng)以及華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)本身所具有的特點(diǎn),我把近代該地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展分為三個(gè)階段：晚清華南地區(qū)的慈善事業(yè)；民國(guó)前期華南地區(qū)的慈善事業(yè)；民國(guó)后期華南地區(qū)的慈善事業(yè)。晚清華南地區(qū)的慈善事業(yè),除了涉及傳統(tǒng)的育嬰事業(yè)、養(yǎng)老事業(yè)、助喪事業(yè)、助學(xué)事業(yè)之外,在思想上已經(jīng)萌發(fā)了近代意義上的慈善思想,這種思想最突出的表現(xiàn)是養(yǎng)教并重；民國(guó)前期的慈善事業(yè)處于傳統(tǒng)向現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵階段,伴隨慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展,慈善事業(yè)不斷走向法制化、制度化,且表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的官方色彩,廣州市貧民教養(yǎng)院就是官方救濟(jì)的一個(gè)典型代表。民國(guó)后期的慈善事業(yè)著重探討了抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的慈善救濟(jì)事業(yè),從難民救濟(jì)和難童救濟(jì)兩個(gè)方面對(duì)抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的慈善救濟(jì)事業(yè)進(jìn)行了分析。 第三部分闡析了近代華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的主要特征和社會(huì)影響。我從四個(gè)方面分析了華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的區(qū)域特點(diǎn)：發(fā)展的不平衡性；管理方式、籌款方式、救濟(jì)手段、慈善內(nèi)容的近代化；教會(huì)慈善事業(yè)的相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)；華僑作用的突出性。對(duì)于近代華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的社會(huì)影響,我從三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了分析：緩解了社會(huì)矛盾,穩(wěn)定了社會(huì)秩序；推動(dòng)了教育的發(fā)展；推動(dòng)了社會(huì)風(fēng)俗的改良。 總之,希望通過(guò)對(duì)近代華南地區(qū)慈善事業(yè)的初步研究,能為當(dāng)今慈善事業(yè)的發(fā)展提供些許借鑒和啟示,以期能對(duì)當(dāng)前社會(huì)和文化的整體發(fā)展有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The Opium War marked the beginning of China's modern history. Since ancient China entered the threshold of modern times, significant changes have taken place in all aspects. Philanthropy as an indispensable part of social life, in this big environment, but also facing unprecedented changes. South China as a region of China, because of its unique environment, the change in philanthropy is more obvious. This paper attempts to make a comprehensive and systematic study of the rise background, development process, characteristics of the times and its social impact of philanthropy in South China from 1840 to 1949 in accordance with the great environment of modern social change. Then reveals the relationship between philanthropy and social changes. The first part analyzes the background of the rise of philanthropy in modern South China. The background analysis is carried out from two aspects: natural environment and social environment. The natural environment involves geographical factors and climate factors, through the analysis of the natural environment, let us understand the necessity of the rise of philanthropy in modern South China; The social environment involves political, economic and cultural aspects. Through the analysis of the social environment, we can make clear the possibility of the rise of philanthropy in South China in modern times. It is because of the necessity and possibility of charity development in South China that the philanthropy of South China in modern times is brilliant. The second part has carried on the stage inspection to the modern South China philanthropy 110 years development process. According to the major changes of modern political pattern and the characteristics of charity in South China, I divide the development of philanthropy in this area into three stages: the philanthropy in South China in late Qing Dynasty; Philanthropy in South China in the early period of the Republic of China; philanthropy in South China in the latter part of the Republic of China. The philanthropy of South China in the late Qing Dynasty, besides the traditional baby-raising, old-age care, bereavement, and study-aid, had sprouted the modern philanthropy thought in the thought, the most outstanding manifestation of this thought was the equal emphasis on raising and teaching. The philanthropy of the early Republic of China was in the key stage of the transition from tradition to modern. With the development of charity, philanthropy continued to be legalized, institutionalized, and showed a strong official color. Guangzhou Pauper Rehabilitation Home is a typical representative of official relief. The charity in the late Republic of China focused on the charity relief during the Anti-Japanese War, and analyzed the charity relief during the Anti-Japanese War from the two aspects of refugee relief and child relief. The third part analyzes the main characteristics and social impact of philanthropy in South China in modern times. I analyze the regional characteristics of philanthropy in South China from four aspects: unbalanced development, management, fund-raising, relief, modernization of charitable content, relatively developed church philanthropy, and prominent role of overseas Chinese. As to the social influence of philanthropy in South China in modern times, I have analyzed it from three aspects: relieving social contradictions and stabilizing social order; promoting the development of education; and promoting the improvement of social customs. In a word, it is hoped that through the preliminary study of philanthropy in South China in modern times, it can provide some reference and inspiration for the development of philanthropy in the present time, in the hope that it will benefit the overall development of society and culture at present.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K25;D69
本文編號(hào)：2332961
[Abstract]:The Opium War marked the beginning of China's modern history. Since ancient China entered the threshold of modern times, significant changes have taken place in all aspects. Philanthropy as an indispensable part of social life, in this big environment, but also facing unprecedented changes. South China as a region of China, because of its unique environment, the change in philanthropy is more obvious. This paper attempts to make a comprehensive and systematic study of the rise background, development process, characteristics of the times and its social impact of philanthropy in South China from 1840 to 1949 in accordance with the great environment of modern social change. Then reveals the relationship between philanthropy and social changes. The first part analyzes the background of the rise of philanthropy in modern South China. The background analysis is carried out from two aspects: natural environment and social environment. The natural environment involves geographical factors and climate factors, through the analysis of the natural environment, let us understand the necessity of the rise of philanthropy in modern South China; The social environment involves political, economic and cultural aspects. Through the analysis of the social environment, we can make clear the possibility of the rise of philanthropy in South China in modern times. It is because of the necessity and possibility of charity development in South China that the philanthropy of South China in modern times is brilliant. The second part has carried on the stage inspection to the modern South China philanthropy 110 years development process. According to the major changes of modern political pattern and the characteristics of charity in South China, I divide the development of philanthropy in this area into three stages: the philanthropy in South China in late Qing Dynasty; Philanthropy in South China in the early period of the Republic of China; philanthropy in South China in the latter part of the Republic of China. The philanthropy of South China in the late Qing Dynasty, besides the traditional baby-raising, old-age care, bereavement, and study-aid, had sprouted the modern philanthropy thought in the thought, the most outstanding manifestation of this thought was the equal emphasis on raising and teaching. The philanthropy of the early Republic of China was in the key stage of the transition from tradition to modern. With the development of charity, philanthropy continued to be legalized, institutionalized, and showed a strong official color. Guangzhou Pauper Rehabilitation Home is a typical representative of official relief. The charity in the late Republic of China focused on the charity relief during the Anti-Japanese War, and analyzed the charity relief during the Anti-Japanese War from the two aspects of refugee relief and child relief. The third part analyzes the main characteristics and social impact of philanthropy in South China in modern times. I analyze the regional characteristics of philanthropy in South China from four aspects: unbalanced development, management, fund-raising, relief, modernization of charitable content, relatively developed church philanthropy, and prominent role of overseas Chinese. As to the social influence of philanthropy in South China in modern times, I have analyzed it from three aspects: relieving social contradictions and stabilizing social order; promoting the development of education; and promoting the improvement of social customs. In a word, it is hoped that through the preliminary study of philanthropy in South China in modern times, it can provide some reference and inspiration for the development of philanthropy in the present time, in the hope that it will benefit the overall development of society and culture at present.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K25;D69
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