武漢“新秩序”的建構(gòu)與民眾生存處境（1938-1945）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-12 16:02
【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代至今,在學(xué)者蔡德金、黃美真等的辛勤耕耘下,淪陷區(qū)研究取得了豐碩的成果。研究內(nèi)容多集中在日偽的殖民統(tǒng)治、政權(quán)運(yùn)作、經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)制和奴化教育等方面,全面再現(xiàn)了日偽在淪陷區(qū)的侵略行徑。檢溯已有成果,多從批判、控訴角度出發(fā),站在淪陷區(qū)外部審視淪陷區(qū)。本文從淪陷區(qū)內(nèi)部視角出發(fā),站在日偽與民眾互動的角度,探析淪陷時(shí)期武漢社會秩序變遷的過程。和以往研究日偽破壞原有社會秩序不同,本文著眼于日偽如何建構(gòu)和維持“新秩序”,及至崩解的過程。日軍在初入武漢時(shí),制造了一系列恐怖和屠殺慘案,以暴力手段震懾了武漢民眾。在釋放戰(zhàn)爭的緊張情緒之后,日軍特務(wù)部立即開展“槍后工作”,致力于恢復(fù)和穩(wěn)定社會秩序。自武漢治安維持會成立到偽武漢特別市政府的成立與運(yùn)作,淪陷后的武漢漸漸走入了由日偽統(tǒng)治的“新常態(tài)”。當(dāng)戰(zhàn)事甫定,四鄉(xiāng)逃難民眾復(fù)歸武漢,武漢人口漸有恢復(fù)。日偽當(dāng)局建立嚴(yán)苛的軍憲警統(tǒng)治,嚴(yán)密防范抗日力量在武漢的活動;推行經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)制政策,管理武漢地區(qū)的民生物資配給;加強(qiáng)思想文化領(lǐng)域的控制,開展新國民運(yùn)動,消解普通民眾的仇日、反日情緒。諸種統(tǒng)治措施的推行,意圖培養(yǎng)忠實(shí)于日偽統(tǒng)治的“順民”,達(dá)到以日本人為主、偽政權(quán)為輔、普通民眾廣泛參與的“東亞新秩序”。1941年12月,太平洋戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā),日軍進(jìn)入法租界,全面控制武漢。隨著日軍在太平洋戰(zhàn)場由優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)為劣勢,武漢地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行陷入到了危險(xiǎn)的境地。因本地產(chǎn)出所限,外加配合日軍“以戰(zhàn)養(yǎng)戰(zhàn)”之策略,武漢物資供應(yīng)十分緊缺,物價(jià)急劇上漲。先前尚能依賴之海外進(jìn)口物資,也隨著日軍戰(zhàn)略失勢而航路受阻。加之,新四軍、國民黨特工人員在武漢和周邊地區(qū)的抗日活動,讓日本人如坐針氈,日偽在武漢地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治危機(jī)四伏。進(jìn)入1944年,美軍飛機(jī)轟炸武漢,嚴(yán)重破壞了武漢地區(qū)的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。武漢地區(qū)糧食供應(yīng)極為緊張,其他民生用品價(jià)格也飛漲,惡性通貨膨脹持續(xù),民生處境急劇惡化,日偽在武漢地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治處在崩潰的邊緣�？傊�,淪陷時(shí)期武漢社會秩序在日偽的主導(dǎo)下,隨著日軍戰(zhàn)略推進(jìn)發(fā)生變化。在日偽統(tǒng)治下的普通民眾出于生存的考量,與日本人保持著有限的“合作”,同時(shí)也利用“弱者的武器”,采取非組織的個人行動消解著日偽的正常統(tǒng)治秩序。在淪陷情境下,不同主體基于利益的考慮,有著不同的行動邏輯。日偽的統(tǒng)治以暴力作為后盾,以經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)制和思想控制為手段,既建立起了嚴(yán)密的殖民統(tǒng)治體系,也因戰(zhàn)爭推進(jìn)而消解了維持占領(lǐng)秩序的努力,充分顯示了暴力統(tǒng)治下社會秩序的殖民性與脆弱性。
[Abstract]:Since 1980's, with the painstaking efforts of scholars Cai Dejin and Huang Meizhen, the study of enemy-occupied areas has achieved fruitful results. The research focuses on the colonial rule, regime operation, economic control and enslavement education, which comprehensively reproduces the aggression of the Japanese puppet in the occupied areas. From the point of view of criticism and prosecution, we should examine the enemy-occupied areas from the outside of the enemy-occupied areas. From the perspective of the interior of the enemy-occupied area, this paper analyzes the process of the social order change in Wuhan during the period of enemy-occupied area from the angle of the interaction between the Japanese and the people. Different from previous studies, this paper focuses on how to construct and maintain the "new order" and disintegrate it. When the Japanese first arrived in Wuhan, they created a series of horrors and massacres, and used violence to frighten the people of Wuhan. After releasing the tension of the war, the Japanese Secret Service immediately began "behind the gun" to restore and stabilize social order. From the establishment of Wuhan Public order maintenance Association to the establishment and operation of the special municipal government, Wuhan gradually entered the "new normal". When the war was settled, four villages fled back to Wuhan, Wuhan population gradually recovered. The Japanese puppet authorities established strict military, constitutional and police rule, strictly guarded against the activities of anti-Japanese forces in Wuhan, carried out economic control policies, and managed the distribution of goods and materials for the people's livelihood in Wuhan. Strengthen ideological and cultural control, carry out a new national movement, eliminate the common people's hatred of Japan, anti-Japanese sentiment. The implementation of various kinds of ruling measures is intended to cultivate the "obedient people" loyal to the Japanese-pseudo-rule, and to reach the "New order of East Asia", which is dominated by the Japanese, supplemented by pseudo-regimes and widely participated by ordinary people. In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out. The Japanese troops entered the French concession and took full control of Wuhan. As the Japanese moved from strength to inferiority in the Pacific, Wuhan's economy ran dangerously. Due to local output constraints, coupled with the Japanese "war" strategy, Wuhan supplies are very scarce, prices rise sharply. Previously dependent on overseas imports, as the Japanese military strategic decline and blocked the route. In addition, the New fourth Army, Kuomintang agents in Wuhan and the surrounding areas of anti-Japanese activities, so that the Japanese on pins and needles, bogus rule in Wuhan region crisis. In 1944, US planes bombed Wuhan, seriously undermining the socio-economic functioning of Wuhan. Food supplies in Wuhan are extremely tight, other household goods prices are skyrocketing, hyperinflation continues, people's livelihood is deteriorating sharply, and the rule of Japanese puppet in Wuhan is on the verge of collapse. In a word, the social order in Wuhan changed with the advance of Japanese strategy. In order to survive, the ordinary people under the Japanese puppet rule maintain limited "cooperation" with the Japanese people, and at the same time, take non-organization individual action to eliminate the normal ruling order of the Japanese puppet by using the "weapon of the weak". In the situation of enemy-occupied, different subjects have different logic of action based on the consideration of interests. With violence as its backing and economic control and ideological control as its means, Japanese-pseudo-Japanese rule not only established a strict colonial system, but also dispelled the efforts to maintain the occupation order because of the advance of the war. It fully shows the colonization and fragility of social order under violent rule.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K265
本文編號：2327538
[Abstract]:Since 1980's, with the painstaking efforts of scholars Cai Dejin and Huang Meizhen, the study of enemy-occupied areas has achieved fruitful results. The research focuses on the colonial rule, regime operation, economic control and enslavement education, which comprehensively reproduces the aggression of the Japanese puppet in the occupied areas. From the point of view of criticism and prosecution, we should examine the enemy-occupied areas from the outside of the enemy-occupied areas. From the perspective of the interior of the enemy-occupied area, this paper analyzes the process of the social order change in Wuhan during the period of enemy-occupied area from the angle of the interaction between the Japanese and the people. Different from previous studies, this paper focuses on how to construct and maintain the "new order" and disintegrate it. When the Japanese first arrived in Wuhan, they created a series of horrors and massacres, and used violence to frighten the people of Wuhan. After releasing the tension of the war, the Japanese Secret Service immediately began "behind the gun" to restore and stabilize social order. From the establishment of Wuhan Public order maintenance Association to the establishment and operation of the special municipal government, Wuhan gradually entered the "new normal". When the war was settled, four villages fled back to Wuhan, Wuhan population gradually recovered. The Japanese puppet authorities established strict military, constitutional and police rule, strictly guarded against the activities of anti-Japanese forces in Wuhan, carried out economic control policies, and managed the distribution of goods and materials for the people's livelihood in Wuhan. Strengthen ideological and cultural control, carry out a new national movement, eliminate the common people's hatred of Japan, anti-Japanese sentiment. The implementation of various kinds of ruling measures is intended to cultivate the "obedient people" loyal to the Japanese-pseudo-rule, and to reach the "New order of East Asia", which is dominated by the Japanese, supplemented by pseudo-regimes and widely participated by ordinary people. In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out. The Japanese troops entered the French concession and took full control of Wuhan. As the Japanese moved from strength to inferiority in the Pacific, Wuhan's economy ran dangerously. Due to local output constraints, coupled with the Japanese "war" strategy, Wuhan supplies are very scarce, prices rise sharply. Previously dependent on overseas imports, as the Japanese military strategic decline and blocked the route. In addition, the New fourth Army, Kuomintang agents in Wuhan and the surrounding areas of anti-Japanese activities, so that the Japanese on pins and needles, bogus rule in Wuhan region crisis. In 1944, US planes bombed Wuhan, seriously undermining the socio-economic functioning of Wuhan. Food supplies in Wuhan are extremely tight, other household goods prices are skyrocketing, hyperinflation continues, people's livelihood is deteriorating sharply, and the rule of Japanese puppet in Wuhan is on the verge of collapse. In a word, the social order in Wuhan changed with the advance of Japanese strategy. In order to survive, the ordinary people under the Japanese puppet rule maintain limited "cooperation" with the Japanese people, and at the same time, take non-organization individual action to eliminate the normal ruling order of the Japanese puppet by using the "weapon of the weak". In the situation of enemy-occupied, different subjects have different logic of action based on the consideration of interests. With violence as its backing and economic control and ideological control as its means, Japanese-pseudo-Japanese rule not only established a strict colonial system, but also dispelled the efforts to maintain the occupation order because of the advance of the war. It fully shows the colonization and fragility of social order under violent rule.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K265
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