北洋軍閥統(tǒng)治時(shí)期“無形政黨”研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-12 13:57
【摘要】: 政黨和政黨政治出現(xiàn)于西方資產(chǎn)階級革命,是人類近代政治文明的產(chǎn)物,在人類社會從近代向現(xiàn)代過渡的歷史長河中發(fā)揮了令人矚目的作用。當(dāng)前,無論是中國還是世界,已經(jīng)開始了建設(shè)現(xiàn)代政治文明、邁向政治現(xiàn)代化的新的歷史進(jìn)程,而政黨和政黨政治因其業(yè)已凸顯的內(nèi)在合理性,必將為人類文明史續(xù)寫更為華麗的篇章。 中國的政黨和政黨政治嘗試始于民國初年,以西方競爭型政黨政治為模板。由于當(dāng)時(shí)的中國嚴(yán)重缺少現(xiàn)代政黨和政黨政治生存的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、階級基礎(chǔ)、社會文化等條件,以致這場轟轟烈烈開始的政黨政治實(shí)踐最終以袁世凱復(fù)辟為標(biāo)志而宣告徹底失敗�;谶@次失敗留下的政治陰影,加之中國傳統(tǒng)“君子不黨”觀念的影響,1916年民國恢復(fù)后的政黨為適應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)的形勢開始了自身的轉(zhuǎn)型,去政黨之名而以團(tuán)體面目出現(xiàn),陸續(xù)形成了研究系、商榷系、交通系、安福系等政團(tuán),時(shí)人稱之為“無形政黨”,中國政黨史由此進(jìn)入“無形政黨”時(shí)期。 本文正是以袁世凱之后的北洋軍閥統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的“無形政黨”為研究對象,闡述“無形政黨”形成與覆滅的背景、過程、原因及其對中國政黨和政黨政治建設(shè)的史鑒意義。由于本文研究問題可歸入憲法史的范疇,因此歷史分析的研究方法顯得尤為重要。文章以歷史唯物主義為基本立場,以“無形政黨”形成、發(fā)展、覆滅的歷史事實(shí)為依據(jù),通過對歷史文獻(xiàn)的分析以求對“無形政黨”問題形成較為深刻的認(rèn)識。 文章共分五個(gè)部分: 引言部分從大歷史的角度宏觀描述整個(gè)民國政黨史的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),為“無形政黨”作出準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間定位。繼而簡述自民國以來我國學(xué)界對“無形政黨”問題的研究狀況,點(diǎn)明研究本課題的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 第一章首先交代“無形政黨”形成之前社會背景,即民初政黨政治的嘗試及其失敗,然后以白描的方式敘述各主要的“無形政黨”形成的過程以及其最終的歷史命運(yùn)。 第二章以歷史唯物的方法分析“無形政黨”出現(xiàn)與覆滅的原因。既闡述民初政黨政治嘗試的失敗對“無形政黨”形成所造成的具體影響,又從歷史中探尋原因——傳統(tǒng)中國“君子不黨”觀念的影響。在中國資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢、資產(chǎn)階級力量薄弱的時(shí)代背景下,在北洋軍閥集團(tuán)繼續(xù)推行軍閥政治的社會條件下,“無形政黨”的覆滅是歷史的必然。 第三章以現(xiàn)代政黨所不可或缺的應(yīng)然要素為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對“無形政黨”進(jìn)行客觀地定性分析。由于缺少起碼的政黨要素,缺少政黨運(yùn)行的基本功能,缺乏政黨賴以生存的社會基礎(chǔ)并且喪失了政黨存在的獨(dú)立性,“無形政黨”已不再具有現(xiàn)代政黨的意義,異變?yōu)橐环N具有濃厚封建朋黨色彩的畸形的政黨。 第四章用歷史發(fā)展的眼光審視“無形政黨”的興衰現(xiàn)象對中國建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化政黨和政黨政治的啟示意義。透過歷史提煉出現(xiàn)代政黨政治的一些普適性規(guī)律,最終得出結(jié)論:只有將這些客觀規(guī)律與中國特殊國情相結(jié)合,建設(shè)真正具有獨(dú)立品格的中國式政黨政治,才是中國實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代政治文明的正確道路。
[Abstract]:The political party and the party politics appear in the western bourgeois revolution, which is the product of the modern political civilization of mankind, and plays an important role in the history of the modern transition from the modern to the modern transition. At present, whether China or the world, it has begun to build the modern political civilization and move towards the new historical process of political modernization. The political attempt of political party and party in China began in the first year of the People's Republic of China, with the view of the Western competitive politics and the party politics As a result of the serious shortage of the economic base, class foundation, and social culture of the modern political party and the party and the party's political and political existence in China at that time, the political and political practice of the Party and the Party in the beginning of this detonation was declared by Yuan Shikai as a sign. On the basis of the political shadow left by this failure and the influence of traditional Chinese 鈥渁 gentleman is not a party鈥,
本文編號:2327309
[Abstract]:The political party and the party politics appear in the western bourgeois revolution, which is the product of the modern political civilization of mankind, and plays an important role in the history of the modern transition from the modern to the modern transition. At present, whether China or the world, it has begun to build the modern political civilization and move towards the new historical process of political modernization. The political attempt of political party and party in China began in the first year of the People's Republic of China, with the view of the Western competitive politics and the party politics As a result of the serious shortage of the economic base, class foundation, and social culture of the modern political party and the party and the party's political and political existence in China at that time, the political and political practice of the Party and the Party in the beginning of this detonation was declared by Yuan Shikai as a sign. On the basis of the political shadow left by this failure and the influence of traditional Chinese 鈥渁 gentleman is not a party鈥,
本文編號:2327309
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