【摘要】：延邊地區(qū)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易經(jīng)歷了20世紀(jì)10年代中俄貿(mào)易向以日本為貿(mào)易主體的中朝貿(mào)易的轉(zhuǎn)變,貿(mào)易中心逐漸移向了延邊地區(qū)的龍井村。20年代延邊地區(qū)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易使龍井村的貿(mào)易中心地位更加穩(wěn)固。在貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)方面,琿春與海參崴的中俄貿(mào)易雖然沒(méi)有完全斷絕,但是,往日的繁榮景象一去不返,終至20年代末延邊地區(qū)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易都是以琿春—雄其系和龍井村—清津系為主,琿春—海參崴系為輔的中、朝、俄小型國(guó)際貿(mào)易圈。 20世紀(jì)20年代延邊地區(qū)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易在整體上一直處于增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。日本利用當(dāng)時(shí)帝國(guó)主義強(qiáng)國(guó)的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位屢次要求中國(guó)方面減稅,致使整個(gè)20年代延邊地區(qū)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易都是在世界上幾乎最低關(guān)稅不足“值百抽五”的稅率下進(jìn)行的,其關(guān)稅之低對(duì)內(nèi)不能充實(shí)國(guó)庫(kù),對(duì)外不能保護(hù)民族工業(yè)資本。20世紀(jì)20年代延邊地區(qū)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易在其地位上一直處于入超地位,通過(guò)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品匯集的資本又在與資本主義工業(yè)品進(jìn)行交換的過(guò)程中外流出去,形成了資本流失的現(xiàn)象。這是資本主義的日、俄兩國(guó)利用中國(guó)的低關(guān)稅優(yōu)勢(shì)向中國(guó)傾銷工業(yè)消費(fèi)品、進(jìn)口延邊地區(qū)的原材料而形成的,技術(shù)含量較低的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品及初級(jí)農(nóng)產(chǎn)加工品在與資本主義的工業(yè)消費(fèi)品在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中一直處于劣勢(shì)。此外,當(dāng)時(shí)延邊地區(qū)移民的增加,使得延邊地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)資源獲得了進(jìn)一步的開(kāi)發(fā),特別是土地資源的利用,使延邊地區(qū)的農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量及農(nóng)產(chǎn)商品化大幅度提高,為當(dāng)時(shí)延邊地區(qū)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。 日、俄兩國(guó)向延邊輸出的大部分產(chǎn)品是工業(yè)消費(fèi)品,除了少量的軍需用品外,生產(chǎn)資料極其有限,這也說(shuō)明資本主義的日、俄與延邊地區(qū)的貿(mào)易,只是為了傾銷本國(guó)的產(chǎn)品,而并不是真正意義上的互通有無(wú)。日、俄用出售本國(guó)工業(yè)消費(fèi)品得到的資本,再利用低關(guān)稅來(lái)進(jìn)口延邊地區(qū)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,使得延邊地區(qū)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品被強(qiáng)行編入資本主義市場(chǎng)當(dāng)中,導(dǎo)致了延邊地區(qū)在貿(mào)易過(guò)程中對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格不能自主,而只能被世界資本主義市場(chǎng)價(jià)格擺布,不能根據(jù)自己的意愿來(lái)更新要出口的商品結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:The international trade in Yanbian area experienced the transformation from Sino-Russian trade to Sino-Korean trade with Japan as the main body of trade in the 1910s. The trade center gradually moved to Longjing Village in Yanbian area. The international trade in Yanbian area in the 1920s made Longjing Village a more stable trade center. In terms of the trading system, although Sino-Russian trade between Hunchun and Vladivostok has not been completely cut off, the prosperity of the past has never returned. From the end of 1920s to the late 1920s, the international trade in Yanbian area was dominated by Hunchun-Xiongqi system and Longjing-Qingjin system, supplemented by Hunchun-Vladivostok system. In the 20 th century, the international trade of Yanbian area has been in the trend of growth as a whole. Taking advantage of the superiority of the imperialist powers at that time, Japan repeatedly called on China to cut taxes. As a result, international trade in the Yanbian region throughout the 1920s was carried out under a tax rate of almost the lowest tariff in the world, "one hundred taxes are worth five." The low tariffs cannot enrich the national treasury and protect the national industrial capital. In the 1920s, the international trade in Yanbian region was always in a position of being in the superlative position. The capital collected through agricultural products flows out in the process of exchanging with capitalist industrial products, forming the phenomenon of capital loss. This was the day of capitalism. Russia and Russia took advantage of China's low tariff advantage to dump industrial consumer goods on China and import raw materials from Yanbian region. Low-tech agricultural products and primary agricultural products have been at a disadvantage in competition with capitalist industrial consumer goods. In addition, the increase in immigration in Yanbian at that time led to the further development of agricultural resources in Yanbian, especially the utilization of land resources, which greatly increased the production of crops and the commercialization of agricultural products in Yanbian. It provided the material basis for the international trade in Yanbian area at that time. In Japan, most of the products that Russia and Russia exported to Yanbian were industrial consumer goods. In addition to a small amount of quartermaster supplies, the means of production were extremely limited. This also shows that the trade between Russia and Yanbian in capitalist days is only for dumping its own products. It is not the exchange of goods in the true sense. In Japan, Russia used the capital obtained from the sale of its own industrial consumer goods, and then used low tariffs to import agricultural products from Yanbian region. As a result, the agricultural products of Yanbian region were forcibly incorporated into the capitalist market. As a result, the price of agricultural products in Yanbian area can not be independent in the course of trade, but can only be manipulated by the price of the world capitalist market, and the commodity structure to be exported can not be renewed according to its own will.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：K25;F752.9

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