日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前后留日學(xué)生心態(tài)變化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-24 22:02
【摘要】：本文以日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的進(jìn)程為線索,分析日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)以留日學(xué)生為主體的新式知識(shí)分子的心態(tài)影響。日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)及其結(jié)果,在中國(guó)社會(huì)引起了巨大轟動(dòng),特別是對(duì)于身處日本的留日學(xué)生影響更為深刻。中國(guó)人赴日留學(xué)始于甲午戰(zhàn)后,從一開始便打上甲午恥辱的烙印。20世紀(jì)初,庚子事變、《辛丑條約》后,民族危機(jī)進(jìn)一步加深,以留日學(xué)生為主體的新式知識(shí)分子更加關(guān)心國(guó)家政治,紛紛關(guān)注1904年爆發(fā)的日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。以留日學(xué)生為主體的知識(shí)分子的政治思想與心態(tài)也隨著日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的進(jìn)程不斷發(fā)生變化,主要分為三個(gè)時(shí)期。 日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前夕,俄國(guó)據(jù)占東三省,刺激了國(guó)人敏感的神經(jīng),特別是以留日學(xué)生為主體的新式知識(shí)分子更是以此為奇恥大辱,進(jìn)而組織了聲勢(shì)浩大的拒俄運(yùn)動(dòng)。留日學(xué)生的拒俄運(yùn)動(dòng)促使他們?cè)谌斩響?zhàn)前本能的體現(xiàn)出一種拒俄心態(tài)。而對(duì)于同文同種的日本,留學(xué)生則表現(xiàn)出一種同情、迎合的心態(tài)。一方面他們以日為師,希望日本獲勝,另一方面,他們也深受立憲派將日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)定為黃白種族之戰(zhàn)、立憲與專制之戰(zhàn)宣傳的影響。除了拒俄迎日心態(tài)外,留日學(xué)生還表現(xiàn)出對(duì)清政府的信任態(tài)度,希望清政府對(duì)俄實(shí)行強(qiáng)硬外交,聯(lián)日抗俄。但是隨著日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的開始,清政府實(shí)行中立政策,日俄交戰(zhàn),戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)卻在東北,這讓留日學(xué)生倍感恥辱,部分留學(xué)生更將這種恥辱心態(tài)宣泄到清政府身上,與清政府日趨離異。隨著日本在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)進(jìn)程中不斷取得勝利,部分留日學(xué)生紛紛抱以樂觀心態(tài),認(rèn)為“黃種將興”,但也有部分留日學(xué)生對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度,甚至是冷眼旁觀。持樂觀心態(tài)的留日學(xué)生探求日本崛起的原因,認(rèn)為除了立憲體制外,尚武精神與國(guó)民的愛國(guó)精神是日本勝利的重要原因,因此,在留日學(xué)生中掀起一股尚武精神思潮。留日學(xué)生樂觀羨慕的同時(shí),希望盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)速成救國(guó)。日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以日本的勝利而結(jié)束,這個(gè)結(jié)果令立憲派振奮,立憲風(fēng)潮盛行,部分留日學(xué)生政治選擇也由革命趨向立憲,亦有部分留日學(xué)生徘徊在立憲與革命之間。但日俄協(xié)約的簽訂卻將清政府排除在外,并且達(dá)成了日俄在東北問題的妥協(xié),這一結(jié)果令以留日學(xué)生為主體的新式知識(shí)分子重新認(rèn)識(shí)日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了群體意識(shí)的自覺與民族國(guó)家意識(shí)的升華,由最早的種族民族主義向民族國(guó)家主義過渡。清政府的中立外交政策及對(duì)東北地區(qū)的旁觀,令心態(tài)激進(jìn)的留日學(xué)生深以為恥,紛紛與清政府離異,趨向革命。也有部分留日學(xué)生選擇立憲,清政府的立憲改革成為維系清政府與新式知識(shí)群體的唯一救命稻草。但隨著立憲改革的失敗,辛亥革命風(fēng)潮隨即風(fēng)起云涌。
[Abstract]:Based on the process of the Japanese-Russian War, this paper analyzes the influence of the Japanese-Russian War on the new type of intellectuals with students studying in Japan as the main body. The outbreak of the war between Japan and Russia and its outcome caused a great stir in Chinese society, especially for Japanese students living in Japan. The Chinese went to Japan to study after the Sino-Japanese War, and from the very beginning they were branded with the stigma of the Japanese-style disgrace. In the early 20th century, after the Gengzi incident and the "Xin Chou Treaty," the national crisis deepened further. New-style intellectuals, mainly students studying in Japan, were more concerned about national politics and paid more attention to the war between Japan and Russia in 1904. The political thought and mentality of intellectuals with students studying in Japan as the main body also changed continuously with the process of the Japanese and Russian War, mainly divided into three periods. On the eve of the Japanese-Russian War, Russia occupied the three eastern provinces, which stimulated the sensitive nerves of the Chinese people, especially the new-style intellectuals, whose main body was the students studying in Japan. The anti-Russian movement of students in Japan urges them to reflect a kind of anti-Russian mentality before the war. For the same Japanese, students showed a sympathetic, pandering mentality. On the one hand, they took Japan as a teacher and hoped Japan would win, on the other hand, they were also influenced by the propaganda of the Japanese-Russian War as a war of yellowish-white race, constitutionalism and despotism. In addition to the attitude of refusing to welcome Russia to Japan, the students in Japan also showed their trust in the Qing government, hoping that the Qing government would carry out tough diplomacy against Russia and join Japan against Russia. However, with the beginning of the war between Japan and Russia, the Qing government carried out the policy of neutrality, and Japan and Russia engaged in war, but the battlefield was in the northeast, which made the students studying in Japan feel humiliated. Some overseas students even divulged this stigma on the Qing government and divorced from the Qing government day by day. As Japan continues to win the war, some students in Japan are optimistic that "yellow seeds will flourish", but some remain in Japan with skepticism and even indifference. The optimistic students studying in Japan seek the reasons for the rise of Japan, and think that besides the constitutional system, the spirit of martial arts and the patriotic spirit of the people are the important reasons for Japan's victory, therefore, a trend of thought of the spirit of martial arts is set off among the students studying in Japan. Japanese students optimistic envy at the same time, hope to achieve rapid national salvation as soon as possible. The Japanese and Russian war ended with the victory of Japan. This result inspired the constitutionalists, and the trend of constitutionalism prevailed. The political choice of some students studying in Japan also moved from revolution to constitutionalism, and some students from Japan hovered between constitutionalism and revolution. However, the signing of the treaty between Japan and Russia excluded the Qing government and reached a compromise between Japan and Russia in the northeast issue. This result made the new intellectuals, mainly students studying in Japan, reunderstand the Japanese-Russian War. It realizes the consciousness of group consciousness and the sublimation of national state consciousness, from the earliest ethnic nationalism to the national nationalism. The neutral foreign policy of Qing government and the bystander of Northeast China made the radical students of studying in Japan feel ashamed and divorced from the Qing government one after another and tended to revolution. Some students in Japan chose constitutionalism, and the constitutional reform of Qing government became the only lifeline to maintain the Qing government and modern knowledge groups. However, with the failure of constitutional reform, the Revolution of 1911 surge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K257
本文編號(hào)：2292689
[Abstract]:Based on the process of the Japanese-Russian War, this paper analyzes the influence of the Japanese-Russian War on the new type of intellectuals with students studying in Japan as the main body. The outbreak of the war between Japan and Russia and its outcome caused a great stir in Chinese society, especially for Japanese students living in Japan. The Chinese went to Japan to study after the Sino-Japanese War, and from the very beginning they were branded with the stigma of the Japanese-style disgrace. In the early 20th century, after the Gengzi incident and the "Xin Chou Treaty," the national crisis deepened further. New-style intellectuals, mainly students studying in Japan, were more concerned about national politics and paid more attention to the war between Japan and Russia in 1904. The political thought and mentality of intellectuals with students studying in Japan as the main body also changed continuously with the process of the Japanese and Russian War, mainly divided into three periods. On the eve of the Japanese-Russian War, Russia occupied the three eastern provinces, which stimulated the sensitive nerves of the Chinese people, especially the new-style intellectuals, whose main body was the students studying in Japan. The anti-Russian movement of students in Japan urges them to reflect a kind of anti-Russian mentality before the war. For the same Japanese, students showed a sympathetic, pandering mentality. On the one hand, they took Japan as a teacher and hoped Japan would win, on the other hand, they were also influenced by the propaganda of the Japanese-Russian War as a war of yellowish-white race, constitutionalism and despotism. In addition to the attitude of refusing to welcome Russia to Japan, the students in Japan also showed their trust in the Qing government, hoping that the Qing government would carry out tough diplomacy against Russia and join Japan against Russia. However, with the beginning of the war between Japan and Russia, the Qing government carried out the policy of neutrality, and Japan and Russia engaged in war, but the battlefield was in the northeast, which made the students studying in Japan feel humiliated. Some overseas students even divulged this stigma on the Qing government and divorced from the Qing government day by day. As Japan continues to win the war, some students in Japan are optimistic that "yellow seeds will flourish", but some remain in Japan with skepticism and even indifference. The optimistic students studying in Japan seek the reasons for the rise of Japan, and think that besides the constitutional system, the spirit of martial arts and the patriotic spirit of the people are the important reasons for Japan's victory, therefore, a trend of thought of the spirit of martial arts is set off among the students studying in Japan. Japanese students optimistic envy at the same time, hope to achieve rapid national salvation as soon as possible. The Japanese and Russian war ended with the victory of Japan. This result inspired the constitutionalists, and the trend of constitutionalism prevailed. The political choice of some students studying in Japan also moved from revolution to constitutionalism, and some students from Japan hovered between constitutionalism and revolution. However, the signing of the treaty between Japan and Russia excluded the Qing government and reached a compromise between Japan and Russia in the northeast issue. This result made the new intellectuals, mainly students studying in Japan, reunderstand the Japanese-Russian War. It realizes the consciousness of group consciousness and the sublimation of national state consciousness, from the earliest ethnic nationalism to the national nationalism. The neutral foreign policy of Qing government and the bystander of Northeast China made the radical students of studying in Japan feel ashamed and divorced from the Qing government one after another and tended to revolution. Some students in Japan chose constitutionalism, and the constitutional reform of Qing government became the only lifeline to maintain the Qing government and modern knowledge groups. However, with the failure of constitutional reform, the Revolution of 1911 surge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K257
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 李安山;;中國(guó)民族主義的催生與困惑——從《東方雜志》看日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響[J];國(guó)際政治研究;2006年01期
2 彭法;;日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前夕國(guó)人心態(tài)剖析——以《俄事警聞》文章為據(jù)[J];貴州社會(huì)科學(xué);2006年03期
3 張學(xué)繼;論留日學(xué)生在立憲運(yùn)動(dòng)中的作用[J];近代史研究;1993年02期
4 桑兵;拒俄運(yùn)動(dòng)與中等社會(huì)的自覺[J];近代史研究;2004年04期
5 王澈;日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間楊樞致端方函[J];歷史檔案;1996年01期
6 郭慧;光緒三十一年留日學(xué)生風(fēng)潮史料[J];歷史檔案;2001年03期
7 羅志田;見之于行事:中國(guó)近代史研究的可能走向——兼及史料、理論與表述[J];歷史研究;2002年01期
8 羅志田;;“六個(gè)月樂觀”的幻滅：五四前夕士人心態(tài)與政治[J];歷史研究;2006年04期
9 沈瓞民;;魯迅早年的活動(dòng)點(diǎn)滴[J];上海文學(xué);1961年10期
10 李喜所;留學(xué)生與近代中國(guó)社會(huì)變革的良性互動(dòng)[J];社會(huì)科學(xué)研究;2004年05期
，本文編號(hào)：2292689
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/zgjxds/2292689.html
教材專著
