1923年北京政變研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-15 20:20
【摘要】：1923年6月13日，直系軍閥曹錕發(fā)動政變，趕走了總統(tǒng)黎元洪，這次曹黨之亂最初被輿論界直接稱為“北京政變”。對于政變，直系蓄謀已久。為達(dá)其目的，發(fā)動保系閣員拆臺，迫使張紹曾辭職，并佯許辭職之后，黎元洪退位，立即迎張回京，攝行大總統(tǒng)職權(quán)。張為逢迎曹錕，不得不允許辭職。然至內(nèi)閣辭職之日，軍警官佐借口內(nèi)閣無人負(fù)責(zé)，直接向黎元洪索餉，使其無法應(yīng)付，并唆使巡警全體罷崗，京師秩序無人維持，馮玉祥、王懷慶率師武力脅迫黎元洪退位。迫于軍閥的壓力，各方在內(nèi)閣辭職后，均表示不與黎元洪合作，而黎元洪組閣不成，不得不離京赴津。 北洋軍閥統(tǒng)治時期，國內(nèi)軍閥混戰(zhàn)，沖突不斷，由此造成的內(nèi)閣頻繁更迭，成為1923年北京政變發(fā)生的深層次原因。而直系利用制憲經(jīng)費問題向黎元洪發(fā)難，造成府院矛盾激化，使其趕走黎元洪的態(tài)勢白熱化，則為政變發(fā)生的催化劑。馮玉祥等人在政變中亦“出力不少”，不僅數(shù)次率軍包圍總統(tǒng)府索餉，命令警察罷崗，慫恿“公民團”散布傳單，，詆毀黎元洪，而且與王懷慶聯(lián)名辭職，表示對京師秩序不負(fù)責(zé)任，要求黎即時出京。此外各帝國主義國家為謀求在中國的利益，借“臨城案”之機，以“大借款”為誘，影響北京政局，作為帝國主義心目中理想人物的曹錕成為他們暗中扶持的對象。 直系軍閥曹錕為一己私欲，毀法亂紀(jì)、圖謀篡竊，對民國內(nèi)政、外交產(chǎn)生了消極影響，給廣大人民帶來深重災(zāi)難。政變發(fā)生后，帝國主義國家相繼對曹錕施壓，借口國內(nèi)政局混亂以干預(yù)國內(nèi)財政、經(jīng)濟，甚至主張派兵中國，實行共管。面對曹錕悖亂國法的行徑，國內(nèi)各界反對直系的呼聲高漲。各省團體召集會議，毫不留情對直系及其控制的北京政治予以斥責(zé)。皖、奉、粵三方利用全國不斷高漲的反直形勢，進(jìn)一步加緊聯(lián)合反對直系，反直三角同盟更加牢固。而政變后的反直浪潮直接導(dǎo)致了馮玉祥對待曹錕態(tài)度的急轉(zhuǎn)，造成1924年北京政變的發(fā)生，加速了直系軍閥的敗亡。 本文試圖從政變在各界以及對民國政局造成的影響，以揭露軍閥統(tǒng)治的禍國殃民和帝國主義共管中國的陰謀，更清晰的了解北洋軍閥統(tǒng)治時期政治混亂、內(nèi)憂外患的根源，進(jìn)一步理解當(dāng)時進(jìn)行國民革命的必要性和緊迫性，以求對學(xué)界有所裨益。
[Abstract]:On June 13, 1923, Cao Kun, a direct warlord, launched a coup d'茅 tat and ousted President Li Yuanhong. For the coup d'etat, the immediate department has been planning for a long time. In order to achieve his purpose, he mobilized cabinet members to dismantle Taiwan and forced Zhang Shao to resign, and after pretending to resign, Li Yuanhong abdicated and immediately welcomed Zhang back to Beijing to take over the President's functions and powers. Zhang was flattered by Cao Kun and had to be allowed to resign. However, on the day when the cabinet resigned, the military and police officers and military officers took the pretext that the cabinet was not responsible, and directly charged Li Yuanhong for his pay, so that he could not cope with it, and at the same time instigated all the patrol policemen to stop guard, and no one maintained order in the capital, and Feng Yuxiang and Wang Huaiqing led the division to force Li Yuanhong to abdicate his position. Under pressure from warlords, after the cabinet resigned, all parties indicated that they would not cooperate with Li Yuanhong, who had to leave Beijing for Tianjin because he could not form a cabinet. During the reign of the Northern warlords, the internal warlords fought and clashed constantly, resulting in frequent cabinet changes, which became the deep reason for the Beijing coup in 1923. The direct use of the issue of constitution-making funds to Li Yuanhong, resulting in the intensification of contradictions between the government and the court, so that the situation of driving out Li Yuanhong is a catalyst for the coup. Feng Yuxiang and others also "did a lot of work" in the coup d'etat. Not only did they lead the army to encircle the presidential palace several times, they ordered the police to stop guard, encouraged the "citizens' group" to spread leaflets, denigrated Li Yuanhong, and resigned jointly with Wang Huaiqing. Expressed irresponsibility for the order of the capital, asked Li to leave Beijing immediately. In addition, in order to seek their interests in China, the imperialist countries took advantage of the "Lincheng case" and took "big loans" as an inducement to influence Beijing's political situation. Cao Kun, an ideal figure in the eyes of imperialism, became the object of their secret support. Cao Kun, a direct warlord, wanted for himself, destroyed laws and rules, attempted to steal, had a negative impact on the internal affairs and diplomacy of the Republic of China, and brought great disaster to the broad masses of the people. After the coup d'茅 tat, imperialist countries put pressure on Cao Kun one after another, using the pretext of domestic political chaos to interfere in domestic finance and economy, and even advocated sending troops to China and exercising common control. In the face of Cao Kun's act of disobeying the state law, the voice of opposition from all walks of life in the country is high. Provincial groups met without mercy to reprimand the straight line and its controlled politics in Beijing. Anhui, Bong, and Guangdong took advantage of the rising anti-straight situation throughout the country to further intensify their joint opposition to the straight line and strengthen the anti-straight triangular alliance. The anti-straight wave after the coup directly led Feng Yuxiang to take a sharp turn towards Cao Kun, resulting in the Beijing coup in 1924, which accelerated the defeat of the direct warlord. This paper tries to expose the evil of warlord rule and the conspiracy of imperialist ruling China from all walks of life and the influence on the political situation of the Republic of China, so as to understand more clearly the political chaos and the root of internal and external troubles during the period of Northern warlord rule. To further understand the necessity and urgency of the national revolution at that time, in order to benefit the academic community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K261
本文編號：2273724
[Abstract]:On June 13, 1923, Cao Kun, a direct warlord, launched a coup d'茅 tat and ousted President Li Yuanhong. For the coup d'etat, the immediate department has been planning for a long time. In order to achieve his purpose, he mobilized cabinet members to dismantle Taiwan and forced Zhang Shao to resign, and after pretending to resign, Li Yuanhong abdicated and immediately welcomed Zhang back to Beijing to take over the President's functions and powers. Zhang was flattered by Cao Kun and had to be allowed to resign. However, on the day when the cabinet resigned, the military and police officers and military officers took the pretext that the cabinet was not responsible, and directly charged Li Yuanhong for his pay, so that he could not cope with it, and at the same time instigated all the patrol policemen to stop guard, and no one maintained order in the capital, and Feng Yuxiang and Wang Huaiqing led the division to force Li Yuanhong to abdicate his position. Under pressure from warlords, after the cabinet resigned, all parties indicated that they would not cooperate with Li Yuanhong, who had to leave Beijing for Tianjin because he could not form a cabinet. During the reign of the Northern warlords, the internal warlords fought and clashed constantly, resulting in frequent cabinet changes, which became the deep reason for the Beijing coup in 1923. The direct use of the issue of constitution-making funds to Li Yuanhong, resulting in the intensification of contradictions between the government and the court, so that the situation of driving out Li Yuanhong is a catalyst for the coup. Feng Yuxiang and others also "did a lot of work" in the coup d'etat. Not only did they lead the army to encircle the presidential palace several times, they ordered the police to stop guard, encouraged the "citizens' group" to spread leaflets, denigrated Li Yuanhong, and resigned jointly with Wang Huaiqing. Expressed irresponsibility for the order of the capital, asked Li to leave Beijing immediately. In addition, in order to seek their interests in China, the imperialist countries took advantage of the "Lincheng case" and took "big loans" as an inducement to influence Beijing's political situation. Cao Kun, an ideal figure in the eyes of imperialism, became the object of their secret support. Cao Kun, a direct warlord, wanted for himself, destroyed laws and rules, attempted to steal, had a negative impact on the internal affairs and diplomacy of the Republic of China, and brought great disaster to the broad masses of the people. After the coup d'茅 tat, imperialist countries put pressure on Cao Kun one after another, using the pretext of domestic political chaos to interfere in domestic finance and economy, and even advocated sending troops to China and exercising common control. In the face of Cao Kun's act of disobeying the state law, the voice of opposition from all walks of life in the country is high. Provincial groups met without mercy to reprimand the straight line and its controlled politics in Beijing. Anhui, Bong, and Guangdong took advantage of the rising anti-straight situation throughout the country to further intensify their joint opposition to the straight line and strengthen the anti-straight triangular alliance. The anti-straight wave after the coup directly led Feng Yuxiang to take a sharp turn towards Cao Kun, resulting in the Beijing coup in 1924, which accelerated the defeat of the direct warlord. This paper tries to expose the evil of warlord rule and the conspiracy of imperialist ruling China from all walks of life and the influence on the political situation of the Republic of China, so as to understand more clearly the political chaos and the root of internal and external troubles during the period of Northern warlord rule. To further understand the necessity and urgency of the national revolution at that time, in order to benefit the academic community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K261
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 姜紅;中國社會主義青年團第一屆執(zhí)行委員會大事記述[J];黨的文獻(xiàn);1999年04期
本文編號：2273724
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