【摘要】：義和團時期,山東可謂全國最亂的省份之一,不僅有西方勢力的不斷蠶食,而且有愈演愈烈的民教沖突和遍地反洋教的拳會組織,整個局面猶如一團亂麻。袁世凱出任山東巡撫,數(shù)月間功夫局勢得到了控制,而且其政治、軍事實力都獲得了發(fā)展。袁世凱的武衛(wèi)右軍及其先鋒隊在山東期間得到了迅速擴張。這支軍隊既能夠構(gòu)筑防御體系,威懾德軍對內(nèi)陸的擴張,又可以用于鎮(zhèn)壓義和團反洋教活動,維持穩(wěn)定局面。八國聯(lián)軍進范北京,袁世凱積極效仿東南各省與列強“互�！�,在軍事上執(zhí)行按兵不動、避戰(zhàn)保軍的策略。在其他武衛(wèi)各軍遭受重大打擊而瓦解的情況下,他的新軍沒有受到任何損失。這支由袁世凱牢牢控制的新式武裝力量,成為庚子年后清廷依靠的主要力量,也是他獲取權(quán)力和地位的重要工具。對外策略上,袁世凱在涉及面小的具體教案處理中,有著愛國、護民、捍衛(wèi)主權(quán)的一面;在直接關(guān)系清政府與列強利害關(guān)系中,迫于中外力量的懸殊,又不得不一意遷就,忍辱退讓,確保大局不致立時潰敗。此外,他還盡可能利用列強間的矛盾相互制衡,最大限度地維護國家主權(quán)。對于袁世凱維護山東境內(nèi)外國人利益的做法,贏得了西方人的好感和敬佩,這也成為了他在仕途上平步青云的重要砝碼。袁世凱在兩年山東巡撫期間展示的出色才能,使他完成了由一個新軍將領(lǐng)到晚清政壇舉足輕重政治人物的歷史蛻變,也是他逐步步入權(quán)力巔峰的又一個里程碑。
[Abstract]:During the Yihetuan period, Shandong was one of the most chaotic provinces in the country. There were not only the constant encroachment of Western forces, but also the increasingly fierce conflicts between the people and the foreign religion, and the organization of the boxing groups all over the country. The whole situation was a mess. Yuan Shikai became governor of Shandong province, and within months the situation had been brought under control, and his political and military might had developed. Yuan Shikai's right-wing armed forces and their vanguards expanded rapidly in Shandong. The army can both build a defense system to deter German expansion inland, and can be used to suppress the Boxer anti-foreign activities and maintain stability. The eight-nation coalition forces entered into Beijing, Yuan Shikai actively emulated the southeast provinces and the powers to "protect each other" in the military implementation of the strategy of standing still and avoiding the armed forces. His Forces nouvelles suffered no loss in the event of a major attack on the other armed forces. This new armed force, firmly controlled by Yuan Shikai, became the main force relied on by the Qing court after the Boxer's year, and it was also an important tool for him to gain power and status. In terms of foreign strategy, Yuan Shikai has a patriotic side, protects the people, and defends sovereignty in handling specific teaching plans involving a small face.In the direct relationship between the Qing government and the great powers, he is forced by the great disparity between Chinese and foreign forces and has to accommodate himself with one mind. Tolerate humiliation and give way to ensure that the overall situation is not immediately defeated. In addition, he tried to make use of the contradictions between the powers to maintain national sovereignty to the maximum extent. Yuan Shikai's practice of safeguarding the interests of foreigners in Shandong has won the favor and admiration of Westerners, which has become an important weight for his success in his official career. Yuan Shikai's outstanding talent during the two years of Shandong governor made him complete the historical transformation from a new army to a pivotal political figure in the late Qing Dynasty. It was also another milestone that he gradually stepped into the peak of power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K256.7

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