從非正式制度看張裕釀酒公司的興衰（1892-1937）
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-04 22:46
【摘要】：在1892年之前,中國還沒有一家中國人自己創(chuàng)辦的工業(yè)化生產葡萄酒的企業(yè)。而西方國家則是在19世紀末期才開始關注葡萄酒并開始工業(yè)化生產,卻生產出聞名世界的葡萄酒,尤其是歐洲國家,其中以法國的葡萄酒最為有名。著名南洋愛國華僑張弼士意識到中國葡萄酒產業(yè)的前景并抓住有利的時機建立張裕釀酒公司,成功開創(chuàng)了我國工業(yè)化生產葡萄酒的先河,同時也創(chuàng)造了一個著名的百年民族品牌,現(xiàn)在這個企業(yè)已經成功轉型升級并在不斷壯大發(fā)展中。 非正式制度是新制度經濟學是的重要組成部分,越來越受到學者們的關注。本文結合相關史料,通過張裕釀酒公司早期的成功和后期衰敗的原因的分析,說明非正式制度對其公司興衰的影響。 首先,文章介紹了張裕釀酒公司創(chuàng)立背景,從中國釀制葡萄酒的歷史和公司創(chuàng)立的時代背景兩個方面進行闡述。 其次,本文從開拓進取的企業(yè)精神、“仁”“和”的價值觀、傳統(tǒng)的官商關系三個方面論述非正式制度對張裕釀酒公司早期發(fā)展的促進作用。張弼士作為客商文化的代表,具備了客商文化中最重要的開拓進取精神,正是在這種非正式制度的引導下,企業(yè)引進先進的科學技術、設備、人才;張弼士“仁”“和”的價值觀為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造了良好的聲譽和經營環(huán)境,也為企業(yè)培養(yǎng)了大批的科技人才,這些都對企業(yè)早期發(fā)展起到重要作用;張弼士作為公司的創(chuàng)辦人,深刻意識到近代中國的政治環(huán)境和社會環(huán)境,因此,他在清政府和北洋政府時期都注重與政府之間的關系,從而獲得免稅和專利權等優(yōu)惠條件,為企業(yè)營造一個良好的外部發(fā)展環(huán)境。 再次,本文研究張裕公司衰敗的非正式制度原因。非正式制度是一把“雙刃劍”,既能促進企業(yè)發(fā)展也能阻礙企業(yè)發(fā)展。為說明這個問題,本文從兩個部分展開:一是傳統(tǒng)的宗族觀念導致家族式管理模式,在張裕釀酒公司中,企業(yè)的出資者和經營管理者為一體,產權鏈條短,企業(yè)中基本不存在甚至是很少存在委托——代理關系。隨著企業(yè)生產規(guī)模和經營管理范圍的擴大,家族式企業(yè)管理的弊端就會顯現(xiàn),公司的經營者不堪重負,最終導致決策失誤以致影響企業(yè)后期的經營發(fā)展。二是作為非正式制度的重要組成部分的風俗習慣,導致近代中國人沒有形成喝葡萄酒的飲饌習慣。這也是公司的困境和最終失敗一大原因。 最后,本文通過對作為我國近代民族實業(yè)的代表張裕釀酒公司興衰的研究,并試圖得出一些結論,為民營企業(yè)尤其是對在發(fā)展中注重非正式制度的企業(yè),提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Before 1892, China did not have an industrialised wine maker founded by the Chinese themselves. Western countries began to focus on wine in the late 19th century and began industrialized production, but produced world-famous wines, especially in Europe, of which France is the most famous. Zhang Bishi, the famous patriotic overseas Chinese in Nanyang, realized the prospect of China's wine industry and seized the favorable opportunity to set up Changyu Brewery Company, which successfully opened the way for the industrialized production of wine in China. At the same time also created a famous national brand, now the enterprise has been successfully transformed and upgraded and growing. Informal institution is an important part of new institutional economics, which has been paid more and more attention by scholars. Through the analysis of the causes of the early success and decline of Changyu Brewery Company, this paper explains the influence of informal institution on the rise and fall of Changyu Brewery Company. First of all, the paper introduces the background of Changyu Brewery Company, the history of Chinese wine and the background of the company. Secondly, this paper discusses the promotion effect of informal system on the early development of Changyu Brewery Company from three aspects of pioneering enterprising enterprise spirit, the value of "benevolence" and "harmony", and the traditional relationship between government and business. Zhang Bishi, as the representative of the business culture, has the most important pioneering spirit in the business culture. It is under the guidance of this informal system that the enterprises introduce advanced science and technology, equipment and talents. Zhang Bishi's values of "benevolence" and "harmony" have created a good reputation and business environment for the enterprise, and trained a large number of scientific and technological personnel for the enterprise, all of which played an important role in the early development of the enterprise. Zhang Bishi was the founder of the company. Deeply aware of the political and social environment of modern China, he paid attention to the relationship with the government during the Qing and Beiyang governments, thus obtaining preferential terms such as tax exemption and patent rights, To create a good external development environment for enterprises. Thirdly, this paper studies the informal institutional reasons of the decline of Changyu Company. Informal system is a "double-edged sword", which can not only promote the development of enterprises, but also hinder the development of enterprises. In order to explain this problem, this paper starts from two parts: first, the traditional patriarchal concept leads to the family-style management mode, in Changyu Brewery Company, the investors and managers of the enterprise are an integral whole, and the property right chain is short. There is little or no principal-agent relationship in enterprises. With the expansion of production scale and management scope of enterprises, the malpractice of family enterprise management will appear, and the managers of the company will be overwhelmed, which will eventually lead to decision-making mistakes, which will affect the business development in the later stage of the enterprise. As an important part of the informal system, the customs and habits of modern Chinese did not form the habit of drinking wine and sumptuous food. This is also the company's plight and the ultimate failure of a major reason. Finally, through the research on the rise and fall of Zhangyu Brewery Company, which is the representative of national industry in modern China, this paper tries to draw some conclusions, which can be used for reference by private enterprises, especially those that pay attention to the informal system in their development.
【學位授予單位】：浙江財經學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K25;F426.82
本文編號：2252175
[Abstract]:Before 1892, China did not have an industrialised wine maker founded by the Chinese themselves. Western countries began to focus on wine in the late 19th century and began industrialized production, but produced world-famous wines, especially in Europe, of which France is the most famous. Zhang Bishi, the famous patriotic overseas Chinese in Nanyang, realized the prospect of China's wine industry and seized the favorable opportunity to set up Changyu Brewery Company, which successfully opened the way for the industrialized production of wine in China. At the same time also created a famous national brand, now the enterprise has been successfully transformed and upgraded and growing. Informal institution is an important part of new institutional economics, which has been paid more and more attention by scholars. Through the analysis of the causes of the early success and decline of Changyu Brewery Company, this paper explains the influence of informal institution on the rise and fall of Changyu Brewery Company. First of all, the paper introduces the background of Changyu Brewery Company, the history of Chinese wine and the background of the company. Secondly, this paper discusses the promotion effect of informal system on the early development of Changyu Brewery Company from three aspects of pioneering enterprising enterprise spirit, the value of "benevolence" and "harmony", and the traditional relationship between government and business. Zhang Bishi, as the representative of the business culture, has the most important pioneering spirit in the business culture. It is under the guidance of this informal system that the enterprises introduce advanced science and technology, equipment and talents. Zhang Bishi's values of "benevolence" and "harmony" have created a good reputation and business environment for the enterprise, and trained a large number of scientific and technological personnel for the enterprise, all of which played an important role in the early development of the enterprise. Zhang Bishi was the founder of the company. Deeply aware of the political and social environment of modern China, he paid attention to the relationship with the government during the Qing and Beiyang governments, thus obtaining preferential terms such as tax exemption and patent rights, To create a good external development environment for enterprises. Thirdly, this paper studies the informal institutional reasons of the decline of Changyu Company. Informal system is a "double-edged sword", which can not only promote the development of enterprises, but also hinder the development of enterprises. In order to explain this problem, this paper starts from two parts: first, the traditional patriarchal concept leads to the family-style management mode, in Changyu Brewery Company, the investors and managers of the enterprise are an integral whole, and the property right chain is short. There is little or no principal-agent relationship in enterprises. With the expansion of production scale and management scope of enterprises, the malpractice of family enterprise management will appear, and the managers of the company will be overwhelmed, which will eventually lead to decision-making mistakes, which will affect the business development in the later stage of the enterprise. As an important part of the informal system, the customs and habits of modern Chinese did not form the habit of drinking wine and sumptuous food. This is also the company's plight and the ultimate failure of a major reason. Finally, through the research on the rise and fall of Zhangyu Brewery Company, which is the representative of national industry in modern China, this paper tries to draw some conclusions, which can be used for reference by private enterprises, especially those that pay attention to the informal system in their development.
【學位授予單位】：浙江財經學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K25;F426.82
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