甘肅
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 14:02
【摘要】：“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動并不是一場簡單的政治運(yùn)動或生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動,它實質(zhì)上是毛澤東為發(fā)展我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、建設(shè)社會主義新農(nóng)村而發(fā)起的一場“農(nóng)民運(yùn)動”。①改革開放前的29年，我國農(nóng)村有將近一半的時間在進(jìn)行“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動。雖然這場聲勢浩大的群眾運(yùn)動已過去多年，但是學(xué)術(shù)界對它的討論、研究卻從未止息。從20世紀(jì)80年代末開始至今，學(xué)術(shù)界對農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨運(yùn)動的研究不斷深入，涉及到許多方面，對這一運(yùn)動的認(rèn)識也仁者見仁，智者見智。 學(xué)大寨運(yùn)動對于推動全國農(nóng)村依靠自己力量開展農(nóng)田基本建設(shè)，起過積極作用。大寨人勇于向大自然開戰(zhàn)的英雄形象也激勵和鼓舞過全國農(nóng)民。遺憾的是，后來學(xué)大寨運(yùn)動被納入“文化大革命”軌道，“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”作為毛澤東“重大決策”寫進(jìn)“中共中央關(guān)于無產(chǎn)階級文化大革命決定”，大寨變?yōu)椤盁o產(chǎn)階級專政下繼續(xù)革命的典型”，提出“七斗八斗”，“大批促大干”，搞“窮過渡”，把自留地、家庭副業(yè)當(dāng)做資本主義“尾巴”割掉，嚴(yán)重挫傷了農(nóng)民的積極性。黨的十一屆三中全會前后，批判了兩個“凡是”和極“左”錯誤，席卷全國的“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動最終落幕。 為了具體而全面的理解甘肅省“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，給“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動一個客觀的科學(xué)的評價，還歷史一個更加真實的面貌，筆者以能搜集到的檔案資料為依據(jù)，力求客觀真實的反映這段歷史。所以筆者在甘肅省檔案館查閱了大量的檔案資料，以檔案資料為主干資料，同時在此基礎(chǔ)上再以當(dāng)時的報刊資料、《甘肅省志》中與“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”相關(guān)的資料、有典型意義的地方志農(nóng)業(yè)史料和文史資料作為補(bǔ)充。本文首先從甘肅省“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動的背景談起，具體講述了“大寨”作為農(nóng)業(yè)戰(zhàn)線上發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的典型得以崛起的原因和具體過程。第二，考察了甘肅省“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動的具體過程。根據(jù)甘肅省的實際情況，將甘肅省的“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動分為“文革”前、“文革”期間、“文革”后至1980年結(jié)束三個階段進(jìn)行了考察論述。第三，通過對運(yùn)動本身發(fā)展階段的考察，進(jìn)一步概括總結(jié)出甘肅省在這一歷史事件中的成就和問題。其成就主要體現(xiàn)在農(nóng)田水利基本建設(shè)、社隊企業(yè)的發(fā)展和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的推廣等幾個方面。而存在的問題卻比較多，用一句話說，那就是由于“大寨模式”并非發(fā)展我國農(nóng)業(yè)的靈丹妙藥，，甘肅省農(nóng)民辛辛苦苦十幾年學(xué)大寨，生產(chǎn)力并沒有得到很大的發(fā)展，生活水平并沒有得到提高，仍然生活在貧困之中，讓農(nóng)民吃飽飯仍然是甘肅“三農(nóng)”工作中的第一大難題。第四，通過對甘肅省“農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)大寨”運(yùn)動的研究并借鑒其他學(xué)者的研究成果，對這一歷史現(xiàn)象作了較為深刻的反思，認(rèn)為發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，必須實事求是，因地制宜，尊重自然規(guī)律和經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律；在發(fā)展模式上，應(yīng)該尊重農(nóng)民群眾的愿望和實際需求，走科學(xué)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)路子。
[Abstract]:The movement of "Agricultural Dazhai" is not a simple political or productive movement, but a "peasant movement" initiated by Mao Zedong to develop agricultural production and build a new socialist countryside. However, this massive mass movement has been going on for many years, but the academic circles have never stopped discussing and studying it. Since the end of 1980s, the academic circles have been deepening the study of Dazhai Movement in Agriculture, involving many aspects, and their understanding of this movement is different from each other.
The Campaign of Learning Dazhai has played a positive role in promoting the rural infrastructure construction in China. The heroic image of Dazhai people who dared to fight against nature has inspired and inspired the peasants all over the country. Unfortunately, the Campaign of Learning Dazhai was brought into the track of "Cultural Revolution" and "Agricultural Learning Dazhai" was regarded as Mao Zedong's "great significance". The decision-making was written in the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on the Great Cultural Revolution of the Proletarian Class", and Dazhai became a "typical example of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat". It put forward the "seven fights and eight fights", "a large number of big fights", "large-scale promotion of large-scale work", "poor transition" and cut off the reserved land and the sideline work of the family as the "tail" of capitalism, seriously damaging the enthusiasm of Before and after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, two "all" and extreme "Left" errors were criticized, and the "Agricultural Learning Village" movement swept across the country finally came to an end.
In order to understand the development of the "Agricultural Dazhai" movement in Gansu Province concretely and comprehensively, to give an objective and scientific evaluation of the "Agricultural Dazhai" movement, and to give a more realistic picture of history, the author tries to reflect this history objectively and truly on the basis of the archival data he can collect. A great deal of archival materials have been consulted, and archival materials have been taken as the backbone materials. On the basis of these, the relevant materials of the newspapers and periodicals at that time, and the agricultural historical materials and historical materials of the typical local chronicles in the "Dazhai of Agriculture" in the "Annals of Gansu Province" have been taken as supplements. This paper first discusses the background of the "Dazhai of Agriculture" movement in Gansu Province. Second, the paper investigates the specific process of the movement of "Agricultural Science Dazhai" in Gansu Province. According to the actual situation of Gansu Province, the movement of "Agricultural Science Dazhai" in Gansu Province was divided into pre-Cultural Revolution and during the "Cultural Revolution". From the "Revolution" to the end of 1980, three stages were investigated and discussed. Thirdly, the achievements and problems of Gansu Province in this historical event were summarized through the investigation of the development stage of the movement itself. But there are many problems. In a word, it is because the "Dazhai Model" is not a panacea for the development of China's agriculture. Farmers in Gansu Province have worked hard for more than ten years to learn from Dazhai, their productivity has not been greatly developed, their living standards have not been improved, they still live in poverty, and they are still willing to feed themselves. Fourth, through the study of the "Agricultural Science Dazhai" movement in Gansu Province and drawing on the research results of other scholars, this historical phenomenon has been deeply reflected. It is believed that in order to develop agricultural production, we must seek truth from facts, suit local conditions, respect natural laws and economic laws. We should respect the wishes and actual needs of the peasants and follow the path of modern agriculture with scientific development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K27
本文編號：2250340
[Abstract]:The movement of "Agricultural Dazhai" is not a simple political or productive movement, but a "peasant movement" initiated by Mao Zedong to develop agricultural production and build a new socialist countryside. However, this massive mass movement has been going on for many years, but the academic circles have never stopped discussing and studying it. Since the end of 1980s, the academic circles have been deepening the study of Dazhai Movement in Agriculture, involving many aspects, and their understanding of this movement is different from each other.
The Campaign of Learning Dazhai has played a positive role in promoting the rural infrastructure construction in China. The heroic image of Dazhai people who dared to fight against nature has inspired and inspired the peasants all over the country. Unfortunately, the Campaign of Learning Dazhai was brought into the track of "Cultural Revolution" and "Agricultural Learning Dazhai" was regarded as Mao Zedong's "great significance". The decision-making was written in the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on the Great Cultural Revolution of the Proletarian Class", and Dazhai became a "typical example of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat". It put forward the "seven fights and eight fights", "a large number of big fights", "large-scale promotion of large-scale work", "poor transition" and cut off the reserved land and the sideline work of the family as the "tail" of capitalism, seriously damaging the enthusiasm of Before and after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, two "all" and extreme "Left" errors were criticized, and the "Agricultural Learning Village" movement swept across the country finally came to an end.
In order to understand the development of the "Agricultural Dazhai" movement in Gansu Province concretely and comprehensively, to give an objective and scientific evaluation of the "Agricultural Dazhai" movement, and to give a more realistic picture of history, the author tries to reflect this history objectively and truly on the basis of the archival data he can collect. A great deal of archival materials have been consulted, and archival materials have been taken as the backbone materials. On the basis of these, the relevant materials of the newspapers and periodicals at that time, and the agricultural historical materials and historical materials of the typical local chronicles in the "Dazhai of Agriculture" in the "Annals of Gansu Province" have been taken as supplements. This paper first discusses the background of the "Dazhai of Agriculture" movement in Gansu Province. Second, the paper investigates the specific process of the movement of "Agricultural Science Dazhai" in Gansu Province. According to the actual situation of Gansu Province, the movement of "Agricultural Science Dazhai" in Gansu Province was divided into pre-Cultural Revolution and during the "Cultural Revolution". From the "Revolution" to the end of 1980, three stages were investigated and discussed. Thirdly, the achievements and problems of Gansu Province in this historical event were summarized through the investigation of the development stage of the movement itself. But there are many problems. In a word, it is because the "Dazhai Model" is not a panacea for the development of China's agriculture. Farmers in Gansu Province have worked hard for more than ten years to learn from Dazhai, their productivity has not been greatly developed, their living standards have not been improved, they still live in poverty, and they are still willing to feed themselves. Fourth, through the study of the "Agricultural Science Dazhai" movement in Gansu Province and drawing on the research results of other scholars, this historical phenomenon has been deeply reflected. It is believed that in order to develop agricultural production, we must seek truth from facts, suit local conditions, respect natural laws and economic laws. We should respect the wishes and actual needs of the peasants and follow the path of modern agriculture with scientific development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K27
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