抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期山東婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)和婦女生活研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-14 09:28
【摘要】：抗戰(zhàn)是全民族的抗戰(zhàn),婦女也積極加入到抗戰(zhàn)的洪流。山東在抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期分為中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的根據(jù)地、國民黨統(tǒng)治的國統(tǒng)區(qū)及日寇和日偽統(tǒng)治的淪陷區(qū)。中共為了促進(jìn)民族解放和婦女解放,在山東根據(jù)地制定了一系列促進(jìn)婦女解放的政策,使得婦女生活發(fā)生深刻的變化,經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治及婚姻家庭中的地位提高。與根據(jù)地婦女生活情況相比,國統(tǒng)區(qū)及淪陷區(qū)婦女生活變化不大甚至倒退。但由于根據(jù)地呈不斷擴(kuò)大之勢(shì),所以總體而言,山東婦女在促進(jìn)民族解放之時(shí)也促進(jìn)了自身的解放。 抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期婦女參戰(zhàn)參政是時(shí)代賦予婦女的獨(dú)特權(quán)利與義務(wù),是以往時(shí)代婦女所沒有的。在中共動(dòng)員下,山東婦女積極參加抗日,慰勞捐募、動(dòng)員親人參軍、掩護(hù)戰(zhàn)士、直接參加戰(zhàn)斗等,為抗戰(zhàn)的勝利做了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。同時(shí),婦女積極參與政治活動(dòng),組建婦女組織,開始邁向社會(huì),促進(jìn)了自我解放。 抗戰(zhàn)前女子教育已經(jīng)開展并取得一定成績,但在山東廣大農(nóng)村,“女子無才便是德”的觀念仍根深蒂固,女子多是文盲,難以適應(yīng)對(duì)敵斗爭和敵后抗日民主政權(quán)的建設(shè)。為此,中共制定促進(jìn)婦女教育的政策,創(chuàng)辦女子干部學(xué)校、形式多樣的女子訓(xùn)練班,開展藝術(shù)活動(dòng),提高了婦女尤其是廣大農(nóng)村婦女的文化素質(zhì)。 經(jīng)濟(jì)地位決定婦女的生活地位。為了保障軍需及促進(jìn)婦女地位的提高,在中共的政策引導(dǎo)下,山東婦女走出“男主內(nèi),女主外”的傳統(tǒng)分工模式,積極參加“雙減”和“大生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)”,開展紡織、參加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)及其他副業(yè)生產(chǎn)。既增加了收入,取得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立,又證實(shí)了婦女的作用,從而受到社會(huì)尊重,社會(huì)地位提高。 抗戰(zhàn)之前,傳統(tǒng)婚姻觀念及習(xí)俗在山東還占主要地位�？箲�(zhàn)中,在中共對(duì)舊婚俗進(jìn)行改造及婦女文化素質(zhì)提高的的基礎(chǔ)上,婦女逐漸摒棄舊婚姻觀念,反對(duì)包辦買賣婚姻,敢于追求愛情,寡婦再嫁也獲得更大自由。在家庭生活方面,婆媳關(guān)系,夫婦關(guān)系在一定程度上也得到改善。婦女放足深入農(nóng)村,取得很大成績。這一時(shí)期,婦女的婚姻家庭生活發(fā)生深刻變化。 在國統(tǒng)區(qū),雖然國民黨較重視婦女運(yùn)動(dòng),但由于山東戰(zhàn)爭環(huán)境、黨內(nèi)派系傾軋及國統(tǒng)區(qū)日趨縮小等原因,使得婦女政策在國統(tǒng)區(qū)沒能很好的實(shí)施。在淪陷區(qū),婦女受到日寇的蹂躪、屠殺,生活極端貧困,能夠生存成為她們追求的目標(biāo)。 通過考察抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期山東婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)及婦女生活的變化,可看到此時(shí)期婦女生活主要有三個(gè)特點(diǎn):婦女受到日寇及日偽的迫害;婦女為抗戰(zhàn)的勝利做了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn);婦女在促進(jìn)民族解放的同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了自身的解放。同時(shí),根據(jù)地、國統(tǒng)區(qū)及淪陷區(qū)婦女生活也各有特點(diǎn),根據(jù)地婦女自身解放程度較高;國統(tǒng)區(qū)婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)及生活變化不大;淪陷區(qū)婦女處于求生存狀態(tài)�？梢�,中共的婦女政策符合廣大婦女的要求,促進(jìn)了婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)及生活的改善。
[Abstract]:The War of Resistance against Japan was the war of the whole nation, and women actively joined the current of the War of Resistance. During the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong was divided into the base areas under the leadership of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang-controlled areas and the occupied areas under the Japanese aggressors and Japanese-puppet rule. In order to promote national liberation and women's liberation, the Communist Party of China formulated a series of policies to promote women's liberation in Shandong base area, which caused profound changes in women's life and raised their status in economy, politics and marriage and family. Compared with the living conditions of women in the base areas, the life of women in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and enemy-occupied areas has not changed much or even retrogressed. However, because the base area is expanding continuously, women in Shandong province promoted their own liberation when they promoted national liberation. Women's participation in politics during the Anti-Japanese War is a special right and duty given by the times, which women did not have in the past. Under the mobilization of the Communist Party of China, Shandong women took an active part in the resistance against Japan, consoled and raised donations, mobilized relatives to join the army, covered the soldiers, and participated directly in the battle, which made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. At the same time, women actively participated in political activities, set up women's organizations, began to move into society, promoting self-liberation. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, women's education had been carried out and some achievements had been made, but in the vast rural areas of Shandong, the idea that "women's lack of talent is virtue" was still deeply rooted, and women were mostly illiterate, so it was difficult to adapt to the struggle against the enemy and the construction of anti-Japanese democratic regime behind the enemy. Therefore, the Communist Party of China has formulated a policy to promote women's education, set up a girls' cadre school, a variety of women's training courses, and carried out artistic activities, thus improving the cultural quality of women, especially rural women. Economic status determines the living status of women. In order to safeguard military supplies and promote the advancement of women, under the guidance of the policies of the Communist Party of China, Shandong women went out of the traditional division of labor pattern of "male masters, women as masters", actively participated in the "double reduction" and "mass production movements", and developed textiles. Participate in agricultural production and other sideline production. It increases income, gains economic independence and confirms the role of women, thus gaining social respect and social status. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, the traditional marriage concept and custom still occupied the main position in Shandong. During the War of Resistance against Japan, on the basis of the reform of the old marriage customs and the improvement of women's cultural quality, women gradually abandoned the old concept of marriage, opposed the arranged sale and purchase of marriage, dared to pursue love, and the widow was given greater freedom to remarry. In the aspect of family life, the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law and couple has also been improved to some extent. Women went deep into the countryside and made great achievements. During this period, women's marriage and family life underwent profound changes. Although the Kuomintang attaches more importance to the women's movement in the Kuomintang controlled areas, because of the war environment in Shandong, the faction within the Party and the shrinking of the Kuomintang areas, the policy on women has not been implemented well in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang. In the enemy-occupied areas, women were ravaged by Japanese aggressors, slaughtered, living in extreme poverty, and being able to survive was their goal. By investigating the changes of women's movement and women's life in Shandong during the Anti-Japanese War, we can see that there are three main characteristics of women's life in this period: women are persecuted by Japanese aggressors and Japanese counterfeiters, women have made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan; While promoting national liberation, women also promoted their own liberation. At the same time, the life of women in base areas, Kuomintang areas and enemy-occupied areas has their own characteristics. Women in the base areas have a higher degree of liberation; the movement and life of women in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang have not changed much; and women in the enemy-occupied areas are in a state of survival. It can be seen that the women's policy of the Communist Party of China conforms to the demands of the broad masses of women and promotes the improvement of women's movement and life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K265
本文編號(hào)：2242316
[Abstract]:The War of Resistance against Japan was the war of the whole nation, and women actively joined the current of the War of Resistance. During the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong was divided into the base areas under the leadership of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang-controlled areas and the occupied areas under the Japanese aggressors and Japanese-puppet rule. In order to promote national liberation and women's liberation, the Communist Party of China formulated a series of policies to promote women's liberation in Shandong base area, which caused profound changes in women's life and raised their status in economy, politics and marriage and family. Compared with the living conditions of women in the base areas, the life of women in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and enemy-occupied areas has not changed much or even retrogressed. However, because the base area is expanding continuously, women in Shandong province promoted their own liberation when they promoted national liberation. Women's participation in politics during the Anti-Japanese War is a special right and duty given by the times, which women did not have in the past. Under the mobilization of the Communist Party of China, Shandong women took an active part in the resistance against Japan, consoled and raised donations, mobilized relatives to join the army, covered the soldiers, and participated directly in the battle, which made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. At the same time, women actively participated in political activities, set up women's organizations, began to move into society, promoting self-liberation. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, women's education had been carried out and some achievements had been made, but in the vast rural areas of Shandong, the idea that "women's lack of talent is virtue" was still deeply rooted, and women were mostly illiterate, so it was difficult to adapt to the struggle against the enemy and the construction of anti-Japanese democratic regime behind the enemy. Therefore, the Communist Party of China has formulated a policy to promote women's education, set up a girls' cadre school, a variety of women's training courses, and carried out artistic activities, thus improving the cultural quality of women, especially rural women. Economic status determines the living status of women. In order to safeguard military supplies and promote the advancement of women, under the guidance of the policies of the Communist Party of China, Shandong women went out of the traditional division of labor pattern of "male masters, women as masters", actively participated in the "double reduction" and "mass production movements", and developed textiles. Participate in agricultural production and other sideline production. It increases income, gains economic independence and confirms the role of women, thus gaining social respect and social status. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, the traditional marriage concept and custom still occupied the main position in Shandong. During the War of Resistance against Japan, on the basis of the reform of the old marriage customs and the improvement of women's cultural quality, women gradually abandoned the old concept of marriage, opposed the arranged sale and purchase of marriage, dared to pursue love, and the widow was given greater freedom to remarry. In the aspect of family life, the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law and couple has also been improved to some extent. Women went deep into the countryside and made great achievements. During this period, women's marriage and family life underwent profound changes. Although the Kuomintang attaches more importance to the women's movement in the Kuomintang controlled areas, because of the war environment in Shandong, the faction within the Party and the shrinking of the Kuomintang areas, the policy on women has not been implemented well in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang. In the enemy-occupied areas, women were ravaged by Japanese aggressors, slaughtered, living in extreme poverty, and being able to survive was their goal. By investigating the changes of women's movement and women's life in Shandong during the Anti-Japanese War, we can see that there are three main characteristics of women's life in this period: women are persecuted by Japanese aggressors and Japanese counterfeiters, women have made indelible contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan; While promoting national liberation, women also promoted their own liberation. At the same time, the life of women in base areas, Kuomintang areas and enemy-occupied areas has their own characteristics. Women in the base areas have a higher degree of liberation; the movement and life of women in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang have not changed much; and women in the enemy-occupied areas are in a state of survival. It can be seen that the women's policy of the Communist Party of China conforms to the demands of the broad masses of women and promotes the improvement of women's movement and life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K265
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 岳培紅;抗戰(zhàn)歌曲視閾下的婦女社會(huì)生活變遷研究[D];河南師范大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2242316
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