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近代淮北地區(qū)流民問(wèn)題研究(1840-1937)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-09-12 12:23
【摘要】:流民是歷史人口地理學(xué)研究的內(nèi)容之一。近代,淮北地區(qū)自然災(zāi)害頻仍,社會(huì)環(huán)境惡劣,流民現(xiàn)象極為突出。目前,學(xué)界對(duì)淮北地區(qū)流民現(xiàn)象尚缺乏專(zhuān)門(mén)系統(tǒng)的探討,已有的研究成果多集中在原因方面,對(duì)于規(guī)模、流向及影響方面還比較薄弱,歷史地理學(xué)的研究也基本尚未展開(kāi)。因此,本文以淮北地區(qū)流民為研究對(duì)象,立足于當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境,對(duì)淮北流民形成因素、規(guī)模、流向、社會(huì)影響進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)探討,形成自己的一些認(rèn)識(shí)。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要分為以下五個(gè)部分: 一、近代淮北地區(qū)流民產(chǎn)生的原因。結(jié)合緒論部分對(duì)淮北地區(qū)自然地理環(huán)境的敘述,本文認(rèn)為淮北地區(qū)容易致災(zāi)的地理環(huán)境和黃河長(zhǎng)期泛淮的影響導(dǎo)致了淮北地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,自然災(zāi)害的頻發(fā),成為引發(fā)淮北流民的主要原因,而自然災(zāi)害影響之下社會(huì)環(huán)境的惡劣,如人口壓力、匪患突出及苛捐嚴(yán)重等因素亦是造成流民現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重的推力。 二、近代淮北流民的規(guī)模及性別年齡結(jié)構(gòu)特征。利用文獻(xiàn)記載和對(duì)民國(guó)時(shí)期農(nóng)民離村調(diào)查的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)淮北災(zāi)后流民的規(guī)模非常嚴(yán)重,自然災(zāi)害的嚴(yán)重程度決定了歷次流民規(guī)模的大小不等。在性R%和年齡結(jié)構(gòu)方面,淮北流民呈現(xiàn)以青壯年男性為主的特征,其原因在于流民自身?xiàng)l件的限制和社會(huì)需求選擇。 三、近代淮北流民的流向和特點(diǎn)。借助近代報(bào)刊雜志的記載及其他文獻(xiàn)資料進(jìn)行分析,本文認(rèn)為地域流向上淮北流民體現(xiàn)了區(qū)域流向上較強(qiáng)的選擇性,江南和周邊就近省區(qū)是主要流動(dòng)區(qū)域。在職業(yè)流向上,主要集中在做工、乞討、充當(dāng)兵匪幾個(gè)方面。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明其空間、時(shí)間上的流動(dòng)特點(diǎn)和成因。 四、流民對(duì)地方社會(huì)變遷的影響。本部分結(jié)合流民的性別、年齡結(jié)構(gòu)特征和流向,探討流民對(duì)流出地經(jīng)濟(jì)、地區(qū)形象、家鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境、人口素質(zhì)及對(duì)流入地工商業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展及社會(huì)治安各方面所產(chǎn)生的影響,認(rèn)為對(duì)流出地不利影響是主要的,但對(duì)流入地近代化有客觀推動(dòng)作用。 五、結(jié)語(yǔ)。通過(guò)對(duì)近代淮北流民問(wèn)題的研究,筆者認(rèn)為環(huán)境、流民現(xiàn)象與地方社會(huì)發(fā)展之間存在密切的聯(lián)系;幢绷髅瘳F(xiàn)象的發(fā)生是當(dāng)?shù)靥厥庾匀缓蜕鐣?huì)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物,從應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)的角度,選擇背井離鄉(xiāng)是一種生存選擇,但從地方社會(huì)發(fā)展的角度,不利于地方社會(huì)發(fā)展,不宜長(zhǎng)期采用。
[Abstract]:Displaced people are one of the contents of the study of historical population geography. In modern times, Huaibei region frequent natural disasters, the social environment is bad, the phenomenon of displaced people is extremely prominent. At present, the phenomenon of displaced people in Huaibei area is still lack of special and systematic discussion in academic circles. The existing research results mainly focus on the causes, but the scale, direction and influence are still relatively weak, and the study of historical geography has not been carried out. Therefore, this paper takes the displaced people in Huaibei area as the research object, based on the local natural environment and social environment, discusses the forming factors, the scale, the direction and the social influence of the Huai Bei displaced people systematically, and forms some understanding of their own. The content of this paper is divided into the following five parts: first, the causes of the displaced people in Huaibei area in modern times. Combined with the introduction part of the description of the natural geographical environment in Huaibei area, this paper thinks that the disaster prone geographical environment in Huaibei area and the long-term impact of the Yellow River lead to the fragile ecological environment and frequent natural disasters in Huaibei region. It has become the main cause of Huaibei displaced people, and the bad social environment under the influence of natural disasters, such as population pressure, prominent bandits and serious donations, are also the driving force of the phenomenon of displaced people. Second, the scale and gender-age structure of Huaibei displaced people in modern times. Based on the literature records and the statistical data of peasants leaving villages in the period of the Republic of China, the author finds that the scale of displaced people after the Huaibei disaster is very serious, and the severity of natural disasters determines the size of the previous displaced people. In terms of sex R% and age structure, Huaibei displaced people are mainly young and male, which is due to the limitations of their own conditions and the choice of social needs. Third, the flow and characteristics of modern Huaibei displaced people. Based on the analysis of the records of modern newspapers and magazines and other documents, this paper holds that the regional flow direction of the displaced people in Upper Huaibei reflects the strong selectivity of the regional flow direction, and the south of the Yangtze River and the neighboring provinces are the main flowing regions. In the career direction, mainly concentrated in work, begging, as soldiers and bandits several aspects. On this basis, further explain its space, time flow characteristics and causes. Fourth, the influence of displaced people on local social changes. Based on the characteristics of sex, age structure and flow of displaced people, this part probes into the influence of displaced people on the economy, regional image, hometown environment, population quality and the industrial and commercial, agricultural development and social security of the displaced people. It is considered that the adverse effect on outflow land is main, but it plays an objective role in promoting the modernization of outflow land. Conclusion. Through the study of the problem of the displaced people in Huaibei in modern times, the author thinks that there is a close relationship between the environment, the phenomenon of displaced people and the development of local society. The occurrence of the phenomenon of the displaced people in Huaibei is the product of the local special natural and social environment. From the point of view of dealing with the environmental challenges, it is a survival choice to choose to leave one's hometown, but from the angle of local social development, it is not conducive to the local social development. It is not suitable for long-term adoption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:K25

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