【摘要】： 中國(guó)自古以來(lái)以農(nóng)立國(guó),土地問(wèn)題始終困擾著歷代統(tǒng)治者。土地問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵,主要是土地的集中與分散,也即土地產(chǎn)權(quán)或所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移。土地太過(guò)集中,必然導(dǎo)致廣大貧困階層的不滿乃至反抗;土地太過(guò)分散,當(dāng)然也不利于土地的開(kāi)發(fā)利用,不利于土地經(jīng)營(yíng)。因此,關(guān)于土地制度的改革,可以說(shuō)在中國(guó)一直都在進(jìn)行,歷代統(tǒng)治者總是在集中與分散間尋找平衡點(diǎn)。進(jìn)入近代,隨著工業(yè)化發(fā)展,土地問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重,農(nóng)業(yè)破產(chǎn)、農(nóng)村衰落、農(nóng)民日趨貧困化,成為近代中國(guó)歷史演進(jìn)的主線之一。如何解決土地問(wèn)題,近代以來(lái)作過(guò)許多探索,孫中山的耕者有其田,國(guó)共兩黨所主導(dǎo)的土地改革,其實(shí)都是在設(shè)法尋找中國(guó)問(wèn)題根本解決之道。 本文著重研究的是1950年代河南息縣的土地改革。根據(jù)中共中央相關(guān)文件和中共信陽(yáng)地委指示,息縣九個(gè)區(qū)三百多個(gè)鄉(xiāng)于1950年代初分三批進(jìn)行土地改革,至1952年秋,息縣的土地關(guān)系基本理順,土地集中問(wèn)題獲得解決,農(nóng)民擁有土地所有權(quán),農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)關(guān)系得到調(diào)整。息縣土地改革成就是巨大的,地主階級(jí)消滅了,農(nóng)民獲得了土地支配權(quán),農(nóng)村土地占有制度日趨合理。然而由于土地改革過(guò)程中各種錯(cuò)誤思想的干擾,息縣土地改革也存在著一些問(wèn)題,對(duì)息縣后來(lái)的社會(huì)發(fā)展也留下了一些負(fù)面影響。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, China has been founded by agriculture, the land issue has been puzzling the rulers of successive dynasties. The key of land problem is the centralization and dispersion of land, that is, the transfer of land property right or ownership. If land is too centralized, it will inevitably lead to discontent and even resistance from the broad masses of the poor; too scattered land is not conducive to the development and utilization of land, and is not conducive to land management. Therefore, the reform of land system can be said to be carried out all the time in China, successive rulers always seek a balance between centralization and dispersion. In modern times, with the development of industrialization, the land problem becomes more serious, the agriculture goes bankrupt, the countryside declines, and the peasants become poor day by day, which becomes one of the main lines of the historical evolution of modern China. Many explorations have been made on how to solve the land problem since modern times. Sun Zhongshan's tillers have their fields, and the land reform led by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is actually trying to find a fundamental solution to the Chinese problem. This paper focuses on the land reform in Xi County, Henan Province in the 1950's. According to the relevant documents of the CPC Central Committee and the instructions of the CPC Xinyang Prefectural Committee, more than 300 townships in nine districts of Xixian County carried out land reform in three batches in the early 1950s. By the autumn of 1952, the land relations in Xixian County were basically straightened out, and the problem of land concentration was solved. Farmers own land ownership, rural relations of production have been adjusted. The achievements of land reform in Xinjian County were great, the landlord class was eliminated, the peasants obtained the land control right, and the rural land ownership system became more and more reasonable. However, due to the interference of various wrong ideas in the process of land reform, there are some problems in the land reform in Xixian, which have left some negative effects on the later social development of Xixian.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K27

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馮莉;新中國(guó)新疆土地改革研究[D];新疆師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：2236044