近代中國茶葉對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟效益的綜合分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-07 10:40
【摘要】：茶葉是近代中國對外貿(mào)易的重要商品之一,其出口趨勢的變化對近代中國進出口貿(mào)易及國民經(jīng)濟有著不可忽視的影響。從對外貿(mào)易的一般理論出發(fā),在現(xiàn)有資料的基礎(chǔ)上,擬對近代中國茶葉出口的經(jīng)濟效益進行計量分析,一般而言,對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟效益有著微觀和宏觀兩種層面上的區(qū)分,相應(yīng)地,構(gòu)架對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟效益的評價指標體系也應(yīng)該從微觀和宏觀兩種角度進行。 微觀經(jīng)濟效益是指茶葉對外貿(mào)易的直接經(jīng)濟成果,集中體現(xiàn)在茶葉貿(mào)易發(fā)展過程中的貿(mào)易條件和出口競爭力兩個具有典型意義的衡量指標上；宏觀經(jīng)濟效益是指茶葉對外貿(mào)易對社會經(jīng)濟增長和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的影響,是茶葉對外貿(mào)易的社會經(jīng)濟效益。 首先,就微觀經(jīng)濟效益而言,著眼于茶葉對外貿(mào)易條件和出口競爭力的分析。主要度量指標包括：年度出口量值的增減、貿(mào)易條件指數(shù)、國際市場占有率、貿(mào)易競爭指數(shù)、出口優(yōu)勢指數(shù)等。在19世紀,茶葉主導著中國對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,至1870年代末,茶葉對外貿(mào)易條件在出口量值持續(xù)下降的情況下日益惡化,這種情形持續(xù)至1940年代。近代中國進出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)以及茶葉出口價格的變化,直接影響著茶葉對外貿(mào)易條件指數(shù)的增減。近代中國茶葉出口優(yōu)勢指數(shù)在19世紀后半期呈不斷下降的趨勢,在1910年代以后,逐漸呈上升趨勢,此后,升降之勢間或有之。反觀國際茶葉市場,可以看出,英國紅茶市場和美國綠茶市場是世界主要的茶葉消費和輸入國,也是近代中國茶葉輸出的主要市場,由于印度與日本對該市場的爭奪,使得中國茶葉出口英、美的數(shù)量和價值急劇下降。據(jù)統(tǒng)計所得到的近代中國茶葉對外貿(mào)易的競爭指數(shù)較高,這是近代中國茶葉對外貿(mào)易發(fā)展變遷的歷史事實的一個方面,不是全部內(nèi)容,并不與茶葉對外貿(mào)易日益衰敗的歷史事實相矛盾。 另一方面,宏觀經(jīng)濟效益分析反映的是該國國民經(jīng)濟整體的效益,也應(yīng)是長遠與近期效益的結(jié)合。從對外貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟增長的關(guān)系出發(fā),著重考察茶葉對外貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟增長,經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化之間的互動。 進而對近代中國茶葉產(chǎn)值及其與對外貿(mào)易相關(guān)性進行定量分析,從數(shù)據(jù)上集中體現(xiàn)了茶葉出口與國內(nèi)茶業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展間的關(guān)系。由于茶葉對外貿(mào)易的衰退,茶葉稅收在近代海關(guān)稅收中的地位也相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化,作用越來越小,地位越來越低。茶葉對外貿(mào)易興衰,深刻地影響著國內(nèi)商品經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展變化,以及相關(guān)行業(yè)的變遷。 近代中國茶葉對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟效益的綜合分析是正確認識和把握近代中國茶葉出口貿(mào)易作用和歷史地位的一個新的視角。本文對近代中國茶葉對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟效益進行微觀和宏觀兩層面上的全面的分析,也是正確認識和評價近代中國茶葉對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟效益的一個初步嘗試。
[Abstract]:Tea is one of the important commodities in modern China's foreign trade. The change of its export trend has a great influence on the import and export trade and the national economy of modern China. Starting from the general theory of foreign trade and on the basis of the existing data, this paper intends to make an econometric analysis of the economic benefits of tea exports in modern China. Generally speaking, the economic benefits of foreign trade are distinguished from each other at the micro and macro levels. Accordingly, the evaluation index system of foreign trade economic benefits should be constructed from both micro and macro angles. The micro-economic benefit refers to the direct economic achievement of tea foreign trade, which is embodied in the terms of trade and export competitiveness in the process of tea trade development. Macroscopic economic benefit refers to the influence of tea foreign trade on social economic growth and structural optimization, and it is also the social and economic benefit of tea foreign trade. First of all, as far as micro-economic benefits are concerned, it focuses on the analysis of tea foreign trade conditions and export competitiveness. The main measures include: annual export volume increase or decrease, terms of trade index, international market share, trade competition index, export advantage index and so on. In the 19th century, tea dominated the development of China's foreign trade. By the end of the 1870s, the terms of foreign trade of tea had been deteriorating under the condition of continuous decline in export volume, which continued until the 1940s. The structure of import and export commodities and the change of tea export price in modern China have a direct impact on the increase and decrease of the foreign trade terms index of tea. In the second half of the 19th century, the tea export advantage index of modern China showed a declining trend, after 1910, it gradually showed an upward trend, and then, there was a tendency to rise and fall from time to time. On the other hand, from the international tea market, we can see that the British black tea market and the American green tea market are the major tea consumers and importers in the world, and are also the main markets for the export of tea from modern China. Due to the competition between India and Japan for this market, As a result, China's tea exports to Britain, the United States and the volume and value of a sharp decline. According to statistics, the competition index of modern China's tea foreign trade is relatively high. This is an aspect of the historical fact of the development and changes of modern China's tea foreign trade, not the whole content. It is not in contradiction with the historical fact that tea foreign trade is declining day by day. On the other hand, the analysis of macro economic benefits reflects the overall benefit of the national economy, and should also be the combination of long-term and short-term benefits. Based on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, the interaction between tea trade and economic growth, economic structure optimization is studied. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of tea output value and its correlation with foreign trade in modern China reflects the relationship between tea export and the economic development of domestic tea industry. Due to the decline of foreign trade of tea, the status of tea tax in modern customs tax has changed correspondingly, the role of tea tax has become less and less, and the status of tea tax has become lower and lower. The rise and fall of tea foreign trade deeply affect the development of domestic commodity economy, as well as the changes of related industries. The comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China is a new angle of view to correctly understand and grasp the function and historical position of tea export trade in modern China. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China on both micro and macro levels, which is also a preliminary attempt to correctly understand and evaluate the economic benefits of foreign trade of tea in modern China.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F752.9;F426.82;K25
本文編號：2228027
[Abstract]:Tea is one of the important commodities in modern China's foreign trade. The change of its export trend has a great influence on the import and export trade and the national economy of modern China. Starting from the general theory of foreign trade and on the basis of the existing data, this paper intends to make an econometric analysis of the economic benefits of tea exports in modern China. Generally speaking, the economic benefits of foreign trade are distinguished from each other at the micro and macro levels. Accordingly, the evaluation index system of foreign trade economic benefits should be constructed from both micro and macro angles. The micro-economic benefit refers to the direct economic achievement of tea foreign trade, which is embodied in the terms of trade and export competitiveness in the process of tea trade development. Macroscopic economic benefit refers to the influence of tea foreign trade on social economic growth and structural optimization, and it is also the social and economic benefit of tea foreign trade. First of all, as far as micro-economic benefits are concerned, it focuses on the analysis of tea foreign trade conditions and export competitiveness. The main measures include: annual export volume increase or decrease, terms of trade index, international market share, trade competition index, export advantage index and so on. In the 19th century, tea dominated the development of China's foreign trade. By the end of the 1870s, the terms of foreign trade of tea had been deteriorating under the condition of continuous decline in export volume, which continued until the 1940s. The structure of import and export commodities and the change of tea export price in modern China have a direct impact on the increase and decrease of the foreign trade terms index of tea. In the second half of the 19th century, the tea export advantage index of modern China showed a declining trend, after 1910, it gradually showed an upward trend, and then, there was a tendency to rise and fall from time to time. On the other hand, from the international tea market, we can see that the British black tea market and the American green tea market are the major tea consumers and importers in the world, and are also the main markets for the export of tea from modern China. Due to the competition between India and Japan for this market, As a result, China's tea exports to Britain, the United States and the volume and value of a sharp decline. According to statistics, the competition index of modern China's tea foreign trade is relatively high. This is an aspect of the historical fact of the development and changes of modern China's tea foreign trade, not the whole content. It is not in contradiction with the historical fact that tea foreign trade is declining day by day. On the other hand, the analysis of macro economic benefits reflects the overall benefit of the national economy, and should also be the combination of long-term and short-term benefits. Based on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, the interaction between tea trade and economic growth, economic structure optimization is studied. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of tea output value and its correlation with foreign trade in modern China reflects the relationship between tea export and the economic development of domestic tea industry. Due to the decline of foreign trade of tea, the status of tea tax in modern customs tax has changed correspondingly, the role of tea tax has become less and less, and the status of tea tax has become lower and lower. The rise and fall of tea foreign trade deeply affect the development of domestic commodity economy, as well as the changes of related industries. The comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China is a new angle of view to correctly understand and grasp the function and historical position of tea export trade in modern China. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of tea foreign trade in modern China on both micro and macro levels, which is also a preliminary attempt to correctly understand and evaluate the economic benefits of foreign trade of tea in modern China.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F752.9;F426.82;K25
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條
1 李中慶;中國苧麻產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展研究（1860-1958）[D];華中師范大學;2013年
，本文編號：2228027
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